Browsing by Author "Molva, Murat"

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Production of nano CaCO3 by carbonization route
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Molva, Murat; Özdemir, Ekrem
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is one of the most abundant materials in nature and widely used as filling material in various industries in order to decrease the product costs and to improve some mechanical properties of the composite materials. Because commercial calcite sold in the market is in granular form, in micron size, and inhomogeneous size distribution, the required properties can only be obtained by the recrystallization method. However, because the crystallization is an ionic reaction, there is not a standard procedure to obtain calcite in nano size, monodisperse, and different nano CaCO3 by the carbonization route. In order to understand the progress in crystal formation, crystals were synthesized by the chemical method by slow or fast addition of reactant into the solution. A mini reactor was built in a Ca(OH)2 solution for the carbonization method and reproducible results were obtained. During the precipitation reactions, pH and conductivity of the solutions were monitored. Particles were separated by centrifugation and dried at 103 oC in an oven overnight. Morphological characteristics of the precipitated CaCO3 samples were analyzed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. On the basis of XRD and FTIR analyses, the main crystal form of the precipitated samples was found to be calcite. Colloidal stability tests revealed that these nano particles do form aggregates. It was shown that the crystallization occurs on the surfaces of both the undissolved Ca(OH)2 particles and on the already grown CaCO3 particles as nano calcite evidenced from the XRD patterns of the samples. It was also observed that, in the late stage of the crystallization, because the pH decreased, the morphology of the particles was affected, indicating that erosion took place on the surface due to ionization. The effects of the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, polyurethane foam, and organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, toluene, hexane and benzene were also studied. It was observed that, in the presence of solvents nano crystals can be synthesized in the form of calcite, which were mostly monodisperse particles.
Removal of phenol from industrial wastewaters using lignitic coals
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Molva, Murat; Polat, Hürriyet
Phenol adsorption capacity of lignitic coals which were obtained from Soma and Yataan / Turkey was investigated under different operational conditions such as solid-liquid ratio (S/L), reaction time, initial phenol concentration and temperature. Based on batch adsorption studies, it was observed that the phenol was completely adsorbed by coal depending on time of adsorption and the S/L ratio. From these results, the maximum adsorption values on the time axis at various S/L ratios were used and the fractions of phenol receptive adsorption sites on coal surfaces were calculated as 60 % and 43 % for Soma and Yataan coals, respectively. Freundlich adsorption isotherm was found to describe the adsorption of phenol on lignitic coals well. The Langmuir model did not describe the system as good as Freundlich model most probably due to the monolayer coverage assumption on this model. Activation energy and the maximum heat of adsorption calculated using adsorption data at different temperatures by the Arrhenious and Van.t Hoff equations were 10.3 and -20.2 kJ/mol, respectively. The low energies suggest that the adsorption of phenol on these lignitic coals were through physical interactions. An adsorption mechanism of phenol on lignite was discussed based on these findings. Residual water quality following adsorption in terms of major elements and heavy metals was within acceptable limits defined for wastewaters. The amount of organic matters dissolved from coals were also negligable. The presence of heavy metals as Cu, Zn etc. in water as a contaminant was also found to affect the removal of phenol by about 10-20 %.