Master Tezleri

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Absolutely supplement and absolutely complement modules
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Erdoğan, Sultan Eylem; Alizade, Refail
We introduce and study absolutely supplement (respectively complement) modules. We call a module an absolutely supplement (respectively complement) if it is a supplement (respectively complement) in every module containing it. We show that a module is absolutely supplement (respectively complement) if and only if it is a supplement (respectively complement) in its injective envelope. The class of all absolutely supplement (respectively complement) modules is closed under extensions and under supplement submodules (respectively under factor modules by complement submodules). We also consider the dual notions of absolutely co-supplements (respectively co-complements).
Adaptation of digital electronic into detector systems NUMEXO2 in exotic nuclei research
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017-07) Şahin, Elif; Demir, Durmuş Ali; Ertürk, Sefa
The main purpose of this thesis is to introduce and show the performance and capabilities of the newly developed digital electronic namely NUMEXO2, which has been tested, coupled with EXOGAM2 (EXOtic GAMma array) detector at GANIL in France. This electronic has been developed due to the necessity of high rate signal transferring capacity when a radioactive ion beam is applied in order to produce exotic nuclei and to understand their nuclear structure. NUMEXO2 will be used both with stable beam and radioactive beam experiment not only to have high rate digital experimental data during the experiment but also will be used to obtain good high resolution both for energy and time. In this thesis, we will try to explain the design, verification, and performance of the NUMEXO2. In order to show the performance of NUMEXO2, we will present the result from test experiment performed in France at GANIL, nuclear research centre.
Adolescents' uses of urban public spaces: A case in Menderes (Izmir)
(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021-12) Şahin, Fatma Nur; Şenol, Fatma; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The study examines how adolescents use urban public spaces and what kind of urban spaces they want. It details the social and physical environmental characteristics affecting the uses of public spaces and user perceptions of 15-18 years old students in the central settlement of Menderes District of the Izmir Province. This is a critical subject needed for an investigation. Public spaces are one of the common areas for the socialization and personal development of adolescents. Various studies have determined that adolescents' use of public spaces (e.g., streets, squares, parks) has differences from the general public use. Adolescents use public spaces to improve their relations with their surroundings, socialize with their peers and participate in various activities. They participate in friend-group activities, such as talking, chatting, resting, having fun, spending time with friends, playing games, meeting, hanging out, and so on. Although there is an increasing number of studies abroad, there is an important literature gap about characteristics affecting adolescents' use of public spaces in Turkey. In addition to many social characteristics (such as meeting with peers, feel free), adolescents' perceptions of the physical characteristics of the built environment (such as being an accessible, natural, and clean environment) are some of the essential characteristics that shape their use of public space. For this reason, the needs of adolescents must meet to achieve the necessary gains to complete their social development healthily and become well-developed adults in the future. However, studies on spatial possibilities are lacking that allow the realization of activities that meet these needs. This study aims to determine the social and physical characteristics affecting adolescents' use and perceptions of public spaces. This thesis developed as research about 15-18 years old high school students about their preferences and usage experiences in urban public spaces in the city center of Menderes District of İzmir. The differences in the uses and preferences of adolescents in using public spaces should reflect in the physical designs and plans of residential areas. Finally, it develops recommendations and strategies for the physical design of the public open spaces for adolescents.
Age-friendly' neighbourhood parks: Evaluating parks in Karşıyaka (Izmir) according to user perceptions
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019-12) Imıl, Ahmet Said; Şenol, Fatma
Neighbourhood parks are expected to be accessible public open spaces located in a walking distance to the residences of individuals and provide them opportunities for leisure activities, physical activities and socializing. Use of neighbourhood parks is beneficial for all, but especially for older adults, as most of their daily routines are bound to neighbourhood environment. It is observed that older adults using neighbourhood parks often tend to have better physiological, mental and social health. On the other hand, not all older adults use neighbourhood parks, commonly because physical and social characteristics of these parks are not responsive to their age-related spatial needs and expectations. An ‘age-friendly’ park is supposed to be accessible, attractive, comfortable and safe for all, and particularly older adults. Certain factors about parks and park surroundings, for instance, walkability of the streets, opportunities for social interactions or existence of restrooms affect the perceptions of older adults about the age-friendliness of parks. The aim of this study is to identify the socio-spatial characteristics of parks that contribute to their age-friendliness, based on studies about spatial experiences of older adults in public open spaces. Then as a case study based on interviews with 65 years old and older park users in two relatively age-friendly neighbourhood parks in Karşıyaka (Izmir) that are selected through site observations, this study intends to evaluate how age-friendly the older adults perceive these parks, in relation to access to parks, physical and social characteristics of parks and park surroundings. Finally, the study intends to use its findings to develop recommendations for urban design interventions to improve age-friendliness of neighbourhood parks.
Analysing Pakistani architecture in the context of critical regionalism
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022-06) Bahadur, Aujala Naveed; Yılmaz, Ebru
Pakistani architectural practise is adopting global trends and universal ideals without regard to its traditional roots, meanwhile critical regionalism has emerged as a significant global strategy for delivering a blend of legitimacy and contemporary architecture, particularly in developing nations. In addition, it promotes the production of architecture directly related to their surroundings and communities while being a component of the contemporary world. Therefore, using critical regionalism as a tool, this study will examine Pakistani architecture to understand the linkage between its tradition and modern technology. Within the scope of this thesis, theoretical studies on Critical Regionalism are first explored, concluded by eight aspects that, according to this research, go beyond what Kenneth Frampton and others had established. Then, an examination of the persisting problems in Pakistani architectural practises is performed. The following chapter examines critical regionalism in Pakistani architecture using the same eight factors. The examination includes the ideologies, works, and interviews with Pakistan's three most prominent architects: Nayyar Ali Dada, Kamil Khan Mumtaz, and Naeem Pasha. The research concludes by determining, via observations and deductions, the viability of critical regionalism as a tool. Due to a lack of publications on Pakistani architects and architecture, this study attempts to develop a framework for future studies on awareness and inspiration from selected architects' work.
Analysis of illegal physical development in metropolitan cities: An Izmir case
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Çınar, Ali Kemal; Özdemir, Semahat
The main aim of this study is to analyze the production processes of illegal housing, industrial, commercial and other types of buildings and also to examine the municipalities. acts and attitudes against the illegal-uncontrolled development. In this connection, quantitative and physical database about illegal development in İzmir Metropolitan City was searched by using statistical data and Geographical Information Systems as a tool and to generate information about local and physical features of İzmir. Illegal physical development is an urbanization problem, so to understand the characteristics-dynamics of the problem and to search the reasons behind the uncontrolled and illegal development; social, economic and political determinants of the subject such as industrialization, migration and urbanization should be analyzed. Therefore, to understand the process of illegal physical development, background of the phenomenon was discussed. In this study, illegal physical development issue has been regarded as a global problem, which is the result of quantitative and qualitative transformation of the economic, social, political and cultural structure in the 3rd world countries. Thus, samples from 3rd world countries, from Turkish Cities and from İzmir were given to present different variations as a comparative research. Policies, laws, regulations, applications and institutions about the prevention of illegal building production were evaluated. In the case study of the thesis, the enforcement notices (yapı tatil zaptı) that were given by supervision of each 9 district municipality of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, during January 2000-December 2000 period were analyzed. The last step was to search for a strategic approach to prevent illegal-uncontrolled development in urban space.
The analysis of the planning consequences and risk of earthquake in terms of urban rent: the case study of Adapazarı
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Bektaş, Birkan; Duvarcı, Yavuz
General aims of the thesis were to understand the nature and causes of earthquake damage in built and social environment, to define and assess urban seismic risk in Turkey and the World, to interrogate planning regulations, policies, and implementations, and to determine the risk factors from social, economic, natural viewpoints. However, the thesis assumed that the increase of the risk as correlated to the raised rent values could be related to planning decisions. The thesis aimed to look closely to planning decisions and their causality on the increase of earthquake risk in terms of urban rent. The study assumes that there are strong relationships among earthquake damage, urban rent and planning decisions. Various risk factors related to earthquake damage were described as natural, social, economic and technical factors.But the scope of the thesis was limited to social risk factors with respect to earthquake damage in order to clarify impact of urban rent and planning decisions.Multiple Regression and correlation analysis was used as a method in order to provide an experimental fundamental and to test claims. In this study, unit of data analysis is defined as scale of district or "mahalle" in Adapazari. Firstly, data such as population density, earthquake damage, the physical building density, and land price (urban rent) in Adapazari was assigned to unit of "mahalle". After analysis in scale of "mahalle" was completed in 26 districts, correlation and regression analysis through variables are conducted in order to enlighten relationships among earthquake damage and urban rent and plan decisions. The study examined that what planning decisions urban rent influence and what their explanatory degree was through regression and correlation analysis. For this step land price or urban rent was analyzed with population density, distance to the city center and ground area ratio through regression and correlation. In the second step earthquake damage was analyzed with independent variables, land value or urban rent, average distance of demolished buildings to the city center and physical building density. Variables coming planning decisions and urban rent and earthquake damage in second step are analyzed through correlation and regression.In the first step, when outcomes of analysis between urban rent (land price) and other variables were assessed, the calculated R square is approximately 52 % and relationships between dependent and independent variables were not strong. In the second step, when analysis between earthquake damage ratio and other variables were assessed, R square is approximately 63% and relationships between dependent and independent variables were not very strong.In conclusion, my assumption related to urban rent and earthquake damage was falsified by correlation and regression analysis. However, it does not mean that there is not any relationship between earthquake damage and land price (urban rent ). The goal of this study was to understand impact of mentioned factors on earthquake damage. The study suggests that future researches related earthquake damage should be focus on natural risk factors and building technology of construction.Key words: natural disaster, urban rent, earthquake damage, planning decisions, conventional planning, risk management and contingency planning, regression and correlation analysis.
Aquaparks-location requirements and design criteria
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2000) Nacak, Hanife; Özdemir, Semahat
Leisure activities and their spatial requirements have represented steady change throughout the history. Particularly with the industrial revolution, the differentation of the work and life conditions influenced the entertainment approach. As a result of this interaction, new activities and land use types occured. Today the amusement parks, theme parks and aquaparks are getting widespread among the entertainment areas. It is seen that, first theory and practice of these kind of activities were realized in America in the beginning of 1900s.The thesis deals with the aquaparks formed by the changes in the evaluation of leisure occupation. In this study developing process, organizations, samples and design criteria of aquaparks that grove in our country were examined. Researches has shown that the existence of establishments dealing with feasibility studies with every phase upto openning and that the security conditions are steadily controlled in aquaparks, especially in America also the number of aquaparks increasing in our country.Furthermore as the construction processes are analyzed; it can be seen that there exist the lack of consideration of demands of the society, physical conditions of construction area, aquapark standards and convience with the security conditions and the lack of control mechanisms. In this framework, the aim of the thesis is that haven't been examined until today, to find out the location requirements, design criteria and land allocation requirements of aquaparks. Throughout the thesis study the followed methodology is making of literature and internet researches and interviews with the municipality officials and aquapark entrepreneurs of the aquaparks and it includes the physical plans and location analysis of aquaparks that were that were realized in Turkey.
Archaeology and urban planning-a consensus between conservation and development: Aphrodisias and Geyre
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Güçer, Evrim; Serim, Muharrem Erkal
Consequences of modern human activities have led to the process of integration of archaeology into urban planning. This thesis examines the interrelationship of archaeology and planning.in the thesis, legal framework of conservation and archaeological investigation formed through many experiences within the international platforms was drawn in relation to the concept of urban development.The situation of archaeology in Turkey from its archaeological potentials to the laws procedures, institutions and problems was taken up. The need of community based approaches is underlined in order to achieve the requirements of conservation and development.Recent trends in planning and archaeology that express the participation of the people were dealt with. Community planning approach is presented as a tool that provides people to be conscious of conservation while enabling those better life conditions.The dilemmas of conservation and development studied through the examinations of Geyre and Aphrodisias. These areas, which are in negative interrelationship as a town in need of development and an archaeological asset that should be conserved, were the subjects of the research. The necessity of community planning was stated to provide consensus between conservation and development.
Assessing the walkability principles: The case study of Mehmetçik Boulevard
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019-07) Bağcı, Seda; Kaya Erol, Nursen
Walkability is defined as the action of the human being to go from one place to another. The streets are one of the most important parts of the built environment and their using by pedestrians increases urban consciousness and social ties. The quality of walkability varies according to the location, usage, and character of the public space. Walkability issue has become more important due to urban growth and an increase in vehicle usage in today's' cities. Increasing walkability in a city increases livability. The aim of this thesis is to assess the walkability quality of urban streets considering walkability principles. In this context, the thesis aims to investigate the principles that affect walkability in urban centers and considering walkability principles to examine the built environment characteristics and pedestrians' usage of a street through a case study. The thesis also attempts to offer recommendations for creating more walkable spaces. For these purposes, firstly, the definition and importance of the concept of walkability are examined. Secondly, walkability principles of the streets in urban centers are established. Thirdly, Mehmetçik Boulevard, which is located in one of the sub-centers of İzmir and used intensively during the day, is evaluated according to the walkability principles. In this study, the walkability quality of the boulevard is examined and assessed in the context of diversity, accessibility, safety, street quality, comfort and legibility principles. Finally, as a result of the literature study and the case study, recommendations are provided to increase walkability quality of Mehmetçik Boulevard, and as well as for urban streets of other cities.
Biokinematic analysis of human arm
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2006) Gezgin, Erkin; Alizade, Rasim
Theory of Machines and Mechanisms is one of the main branches of science including many sub-branches such as biomechanics, human machine systems, computational kinematics, mechatronics, robotics, design methodology, dynamics of machinery, gearings and transmissions, cams and linkages, micro machines, nonlinear oscillations, reliability of machines and mechanisms etc. In this large area of interest, this study can be matched with the sub groups biomechanics, robotics, computational kinematics and design methodology. The main concern of the thesis is the biokinematics of the human arm. In the process of design, a suitable tool for the kinematics of human arm is investigated as quaternions along with examples. Moreover, the history of the formulas of Dof is presented as 38 equations with the unique key controlling parameters that are used in the design of new Cartesian and serial platform type robot manipulators. Structural syntheses of new manipulators are considered.Simple serial platform structural groups in subspace 8.3, and general space 8.6 are presented along with examples. Furthermore, type synthesis of human arm is accomplished with the new proposed parallel manipulator for the shoulder, elbow and wrist complex. Finally, computational kinematics of the serial human wrist manipulator and the geometrical kinematic analysis of the orientation platforms of the new parallel manipulator design for the human arm are accomplished.
Butyl esters production from canola oil over heterogeneous base catalysts
(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021-03) Akın, Oğuzhan; Şeker, Erol; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
In this study, transesterification reaction of canola oil with butanol over calcium oxide alumina catalyst was investigated with varying butanol:lipid molar ratios, catalyst amount and reaction time. Catalysts were prepared with the single step sol-gel method, and the activity of synthesized catalysts were investigated for two different forms of catalysts as powder and structured form. In the case of powdered catalysts, at butanol:lipid molar ratios of 9 and 24 with 6 wt% of lipids as catalyst amount, leaded 32% and 45% butyl esters yield in 1 hour. On the other hand, ~70% butyl esters yield has obtained at butanol:lipid molar ratios of 48 and 60 for the reaction time of 1 hour, while 89% yield had achieved when the reaction lasted for 4 hours at butanol:lipid molar ratio of 48. The necessity of mild basic strength and high butanol:lipid molar ratio was found to obtain high butyl esters yield. At high butanol lipid ratios of 48 and 60, it was observed that glycerolysis reaction occurs and promotes reverse transesterification reactions in first 30 minutes of the experiments. In the case of structured catalysts, lower butyl esters yields than powder catalysts were obtained, yet they eliminated the need for catalysts separation step in the experiments. Reusability tests showed that catalyst activity has decreased due to calcium ion leaching in the first hour of reaction and kept its activity constant for the rest of the reaction.
A CAD-based modeling for dynamic visualization of urban environments in piecemeal (incremental) growth
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Alper, Sabri; Serim, Muharrem Erkal
Visualization is inherent to the conduct of urban design as a direct connection between the designer and three dimensional reality of urban settlements. Visualization of urban environments and urban design projects is vital, since most designers prefer to understand place and context through visualization. The reasons for visualization in urban design can be classified under three headings: .visual thinking, design communication and testing mechanism. Digital revolution. has improved computer use in urban design, as in many other fields. Dynamic computer models can present an ideal environment to visualize the change in respect to time. Digital tools are much more efficient than conventional methods in explaining the growth and change of urban environments. Especially, incremental growth requires features not found in .static/analog. media. Christopher Alexander and his colleagues, in their book .A New Theory of Urban Design., tried to justify their ideas about piecemeal growth by an experiment. The analog methods, such as physical models, two-dimensional diagrams, have been used to conduct the experiment and to convey their ideas about the design process. This thesis tries to produce a .dynamic/digital. model that could be utilized in their experiment instead of static/analog methods. Spatial data should be considered as dynamic, or changing identities rather than as simple, static features. Time is an example of a dynamic component of a spatial data set. Recent technological developments are increasing computer hardware and software capabilities so that this dynamic aspect of data can be accounted for by today.s systems. Dynamic data have not been a great concern in digital technologies for many years, but today changing patterns and dimensions are becoming more important.
Cemeteries planning and design principles
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2001) Cömertler, Seval; Süel, Akın
Cemeteries are special land uses within the urban fabrics, which require a special planning and design approach evaluating the concept in terms of its symbolic, social, cultural, ecological, and recreational aspects apart from t1}ehygienic and functional aspects. Nevertheless, the rapid urbanisation of metropolitan areas in the 20th century Turkey and the parallel transformations in the social, economic, and demographic structures and various other factors have prevented the considerations of cemeteries, which have turned into urban problem areas, as planning and design issues. Consequently, cemeteries in Turkey face problems related to the planning, design, care, management, renewal, and technical subjects, which are based on institutional, legal, intellectual, economic, social and cultural factors. Furthermore, lack of the comprehensive researches particularly in the planning and design disciplines, which may offer a solution to the problems, is another crucial problem. This thesis on the problems of Turkey's cemeteries has two principle purposes: to produce a comprehensive guide book for cemetery studies (both pragmatical and intellectual works), and to develop the planning and design principles for contemporary urban cemeteries by evaluating them with a pragmatical approach. Thesis aims to realise its stated purposes in four phases, these being: constitution of the conceptual, historical, philosophical, cultural, M.d legal basis; determination of the cemetery planning and design principles; testing the principles in Dogan<;ayCemetery; discussion and a fmal evaluation of the fmdings and solutions. Methodology used in the study consisted of three steps. The fIrst step of the method involves the establishment of a conceptual and thkoretical database necessary for further analysis and discussions in the following parts of the study. The second step, which isanalytical, sets the criteria for the evaluation of Izmir's cemeteries. And fmally, the third step includes a pragrnatical approach that proposes a problem solving system for the city of Izmir.
Changing dynamics of urban renewal: Uzundere (Izmir) urban renewal project
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2001) Eğercioğlu, Yakup; Serim, Muharrem Erkal
The changes in economic, social and political conditions affect the urban life continuously. Because of changing urban dynamics, planners have had to reevaluate their professional approach. After the First World War, the concept of urban renewal was first considered by planners agenda. But, the aims, organization and management models have changed by the time. Today the parts of the cities, both in developed and developing countries have to faced the renewal process as a result of spatial organizations. Therefore, urban renewal has become one of the most important problems of the local authorities and planners. The aim of the thesis is to search the dynamics of urban renewal project as a tool for creating urban renewal policies, locality and public participation principles. In order to do that, beside a detailed focus on Uzundere (Izmir) Urban Renewal Project, urban renewal examples from different countries and Turkey were examined. The methodology used in the thesis research is composed of literature and Internet surveys and interpretations based on past experiences. KeyWords: The Processes of Change and Transformation, Urban Renewal Policies, Public Participation, Public-Private Partnerships, Organizations (Development Corporations).
Changing process of the physical and social structure of Eski Foça
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Çetin, Ahmet; Özdemir, Semahat
The changing process of physical and social structure of Eski Foça settlement is investigated in order to expose the impact of the national policies over the urban development of the settlement and the role of legal and institutional frame of city planning relating to the orientation of physical development, within this study. The problems experienced in urban environment are described with a study that beginning from the national scale and focusing on settlement scale. In this respect, firstly the general characteristics and historical development of the settlement is examined. Particularly, the developments happening within the 20th century are studied concerning to the national policies, city planning and Eski Foça settlement including the inhabitants opinions. The problems relating to the physical structure, authorised and effectual institutions, social life are determined. At the evaluation grade of the investigations and determined problems, the deficiencies and conflicts relating to the urban environment glance of central government and existing planning comprehension and institutional structure in particular of Eski Foça settlement are exposed. Finally, a new planning approach and organisation model ascending from the local dynamics and extended to the national scale is put forward.
The changing role of planners in local planning practices: A comparetive analysis of two planning studies of Izmir
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Mert, Yelda; Kaya Erol, Nursen
The main goal of this thesis is to understand the changing role of urban planners in a historical perspective. Moreover, the historical perspective of the role of planners is investigated parallel to the changes in planning. To understand the role of planners, especially in the planning practices of Turkey, the period before and after the 1980s are examined. Initially, planning theories and relevant theoretical studies as well as case studies from around the world are analyzed in terms of the role of planners. To understand the role of planners before and after the 1980s, two comprehensive planning studies are selected from İzmir, Turkey. One of them is the 1973 Master Plan prepared by İzmir Metropolitan Planning Office and the other is the 2007 Master Plan prepared by İzmir Metropolitan Municipality. The in-depth interview method with the planning staff is used as the methodology of the thesis.
Characterization of world spinach genetic collection by using molecular markers
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2015-12) Göktay, Mehmet; Frary, Anne
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and is a popular and nutritious vegetable. It is believed that this green leafy plant originated from Persia which is now modern Iran and neighboring countries. In this study we screened 176 spinach world collection germplasm accessions with 15 known SSR markers. The markers produced 58 bands with 57 identified as polymorphic. PIC values of the markers ranged between 0.01 and 0.44. Average PIC value was 0.28. Based on allele analysis with Darwin5 and STRUCTURE tools, 176 individual were clustered into three groups. The first cluster mostly consisted of accessions from Europe and USA and contained 69 samples. The second cluster mostly consisted of lines from Asia and neighboring countries and contained 89 samples. The third cluster did not represent any characteristic according to geographic region, thus it was called an intermixed cluster which contained 18 samples. The maximum genetic dissimilarity of spinach accessions was 0.551 and minimum was 0.019. Average genetic dissimilarity was 0.217. Moreover we sequenced S. oleracea L. cv. Universal nuclear genome via IIIumina MiSeq technology and genome assembly was performed to develop new spinach–specific SSR markers. As a result, 3853 SSRs were identified in the assembled genome and we successfully designed 3275 primer pairs for these identified SSR motifs. These newly developed SSR markers will be helpful to scientists who are interested in spinach genome diversity and breeding.
Children's active commuting to schools in different neighbourhoods: Design of streets as child friendy environments
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019-07) Abatay, Gülce; Şenol, Fatma
The study examines the factors that affect the 8-11 years old primary school students' commute to school by using active transportation modes (i.e., walking and bicycling). Active commuting to school is promoted for children as the main opportunity for children’s physical activity for their physical and even mental health. However, in recent years there has been a significant decrease in the number of children who engage in physical activity in many parts of the world including Turkey. As a result of rapid urbanization, decreasing number of open spaces in urban areas and also increasing level of car ownership are seen as the main reasons for children’s passive lifestyles. One of the easiest and most practical ways to adopt physical activity in children's daily life is to enable children to commute to their school by walking or bicycling. On the other hand, although there are increasing number of studies abroad, there is an important literature gap about the factors affecting children’s active commuting to school in Turkey. Besides multiple social factors (such as parents' concerns about the safety of their children) children's perceptions about physical characteristics of the built environment (such as land use and vehicular traffic) are some of the significant factors shaping travel mode of children to school. The aim of this study is to identify the social and physical factors that affect mode choice of children's commuting to their school while examining children's and their parents' experiences and expectations about the built environment. Developing as a study about 8-11 years old primary school students in two schools of two neighbourhoods in Bornova/Izmir, this thesis deploys fields observations and majorly user surveys with these children and their parents about their experiences of commuting to school. Finally, it develops recommendations and strategies for the physical design of the streets for children to use active transportation opportunities.
Commodification of nature and accumulation by dispossession in Karaburun Peninsula
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019-07) Özcan Cive, Yağmur; Avar, Adile
Biophysical areas and resources have been privatized, and subjected to market in response to requirements of the capital accumulation with the view of overcoming the crisis of capitalism in the 1970s. Natural areas previously untouched or used for local production have become “spatial fixes”, to which global capital switched, through state regulations. In other words, there has been an increasing intervention into natural areas, and occurred an intense form of commodification of nature. Privatization, commodification and marketization of these areas lead to environmental degrading. Besides, enclosure of these areas to prevent access of local people to use these natural sources causes them not to able to keep on their livelihood activities. Local people who have been taken away from their common lands or private properties by being deprived of use or ownership are becoming increasingly impoverished and dispossessed. Neoliberal practices after 2000 in the Karaburun Peninsula are striking examples of commodification of nature and accumulation by dispossession. This study examines neoliberal regulations, policies and practices, the overlap between the natural areas and investments, and ownership of these areas in Karaburun Peninsula. As a result, it is seen that the pasture areas used by the villagers to earn their living have been narrowed; their properties have been expropriated and then allocated for wind power generation and industrial olive cultivation. Moreover, the increase of mining investments, fish farms and secondary dwellings on state lands, agricultural lands, pastures and coastal areas have led to privatization of natural areas and restriction of local access.

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Browsing Master Tezleri by Department "City and Regional Planning"