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Synergistic effect of natural zeolites on flame retardant additives

dc.contributor.advisor Ülkü, Semra en
dc.contributor.author Demir, Hasan
dc.date.accessioned 2023-11-13T09:43:39Z
dc.date.available 2023-11-13T09:43:39Z
dc.date.issued 2004 en
dc.description Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemical Engineering, Izmir, 2004 en
dc.description Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 93-97) en
dc.description Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English en
dc.description 97 - 92 leaves en
dc.description.abstract Intumescent flame retardant systems were proposed to increase flame retardancy performance of polymers without environmental hazard. An intumescent system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an acid source and blowing agent, pentaerythritol (PER) as a carbonific agent and natural zeolite (clinoptilolite, Gördes II) as a synergistic agent was used in this study for flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP). APP and PER combination were examined at different ratios (0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4) for optimization of formulation of flame retardancy. The zeolite was incorporated into flame retardant formulation at four different concentrations (1,2, 5, and 10wt%) to investigate synergism with the flame retardant materials. Filler content was fixed at 30w% of total amounts of flame retardant PP composites. The zeolite and APP were treated with two different coupling agents namely, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-Propanethiol and (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane for consideration influence of surface treatments on mechanical properties and flame retardant performance of composites.To investigate thermal behaviour of flame retardant PP composites with and without zeolite, samples were heated on optic microscope hot stage. Both of the composites behaved similarly during heating from room temperature to 203oC. Molten pentaerythritol was observed as a second phase in molten polypropylene at 203 oC. Bubble formations were not observed. Flame retardants did not cause any foam formation during processing of mixture at 190oC in rheomixer and hot press. SEM pictures of non-burnt and burnt flame retardant (FR) PP composites with and without zeolites did not reveal significant difference considering foam size and shape compared to composites without zeolite. Zeolite crystals did not exhibit any deformation during burning of composite.Flammability of FR-PP composites were determined by UL-94 flame test in air. Burning rate of composite was measured for flammable composite in atmospheric condition. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) test method provided measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that supports combustion of pure PP, zeolite reinforced PP and flame retardant PP composites. The best flame retardant performance was achieved with APP:PER(3:1)+PP+2% zeolite and APP:PER(2:1)+PP+5% zeolite formulations, exhibiting 37.4 and 38% LOI values respectively. LOI values reached maximum value 41% with mercapto silane treated APP:PER(2:1) at 5w% Zeolite PP composite Young's modulus of composites decreased with increasing amounts of APP in composite on the contrary to their elongation at break properties. en
dc.identifier.doi 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.01.028
dc.identifier.issn 0141-3910
dc.identifier.uri http://standard-demo.gcris.com/handle/123456789/5116
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Izmir Institute of Technology en
dc.relation.ispartof Polymer Degradation and Stability
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess en_US
dc.subject.lcc TH1074.5 .D36 2004 en
dc.subject.lcsh Fire resistant polymers en
dc.subject.lcsh Fire resistant materials en
dc.subject.lcsh Fire resistant plastics en
dc.title Synergistic effect of natural zeolites on flame retardant additives en_US
dc.type Master Thesis en_US
dspace.entity.type Publication
gdc.author.institutional Demir, Hasan
gdc.description.department Chemical Engineering en_US
gdc.description.publicationcategory Tez en_US
gdc.description.volume 89
gdc.oaire.accepatencedate 2005-09-01
gdc.oaire.accesstype Bronze
gdc.oaire.diamondjournal FALSE
gdc.oaire.downloads 164
gdc.oaire.impulse 21
gdc.oaire.influence 2.01E-08
gdc.oaire.influencealt 170
gdc.oaire.isgreen TRUE
gdc.oaire.keywords Ammonium compounds
gdc.oaire.keywords Blowing agents
gdc.oaire.keywords Flame-retardant polypropylene
gdc.oaire.keywords Thermogravimetric analysis
gdc.oaire.keywords Polypropylenes
gdc.oaire.magid 2049300769
gdc.oaire.popularity 4.67E-08
gdc.oaire.popularityalt 18.81835
gdc.oaire.publicfunded FALSE
gdc.oaire.relevantdates created:2005-03-24
gdc.oaire.relevantdates published-print:2005-09-01
gdc.oaire.relevantdates published-online:2005-03-23
gdc.oaire.sciencefields 02100102 Cellulose/Polysaccharides
gdc.oaire.sciencefields 02 engineering and technology
gdc.oaire.sciencefields 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
gdc.oaire.sciencefields 0210 nano-technology
gdc.oaire.views 90
gdc.opencitations.count 168
gdc.plumx.crossrefcites 118
gdc.plumx.facebookshareslikecount 21
gdc.plumx.mendeley 68
gdc.plumx.scopuscites 198
gdc.sobiad.citedbycount 0

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