Browsing by Author "Korkmaz, Koray"

Now showing 1 - 19 of 19

Altmann linkage networks and light-shelf application with a single linkage
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022-07) Atarer, Fulya; Korkmaz, Koray
Today's understanding of architecture has revealed the need for structures that allow geometric form changes due to spatial and functional requirements. For this purpose, deployable structures have taken their place in architecture. These structures provide flexibility and multiple uses. While scissor mechanisms and bar mechanisms have been observed in architectural applications in deployable structures, over-constrained linkages have been used especially in recent studies of deployable structures. Over-constrained linkages make deployable structures more stable to loading. In this dissertation, the possibilities of systematically designing the single degree of freedom (DoF) networks using a kind of spatial overconstrained linkage called Altmann linkage as a basic module. The literature is investigated deeply that the conducted studies on network assemblies have been on different over-constrained linkages as a basic module, such as Sarrus, Bennett, and Bricard. There are few studies related to the Altmann linkage. None of these studies are in-depth studies to design a network based on the Altmann linkage. Also, an architectural application of the Altmann linkage has not been studied yet. This dissertation represents three main subjects: understanding the geometric properties of an Altmann linkage, designing one degree of freedom networks of Altmann linkage, and designing and analyzing an Altmann light shelf. Firstly, the geometry of the unit linkage is parameterized and its position kinematics is solved. Then, ten different single DoF Altmann networks are designed. By choosing one of the ten different networks designed, the network with folded and vault configurations is developed through assembly mode change. Afterward, light shelves are designed in Solidworks. Then, square and rectangular designs are compared in terms of their angles with the building and the west. Finally, daylight performance analyzes are made in the Relux software.
An analytical study of the design potentials in kinetic architecture
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Korkmaz, Koray; Arkon, Cemal
This dissertation is concerned with the potentials of kinetic structures in architecture; what they are, what they can do for us, and how we can go about designing them. Ultimately, it aims at proving the applicability of kinematic methods in the design process of the adaptable space organizations by carrying out a personal design process of a novel kinetic structure. The course of this dissertation explores the ways in which kinematic synthesis methods contribute to the design processes of kinetic structures and adaptable spaces, which we call kinetic architecture.The idea of motion is not new. However, the concept of motion and its practical reflection appear more in end-products because of the dynamic, flexible, and constantly changing activities and developments in building technology. As a result of the rapid change in activities of modern society and developments in building technology, a need of the adaptable space emerged which was the necessary precondition for the rise of the concept of motion in architecture. This conceptual transformation may be dated to the end of the twentieth century. What marks the approach to the design of this new, late twentieth-century conception of space is 'motion', which will now play an increasingly important role both conceptually and in applications of design. Our capability of utilizing kinetics in architecture today can be extended far beyond what has previously been possible. The present dissertation describes kinematic analysis and synthesis methods used so far in mechanical engineering and explores its direct or in-direct applications into the architectural field.Arguing that the potential of kinetics in architecture remains far from fulfilled, it offers concrete direction and method for innovation. Focusing on responsive spatial adaptability and kinetic structures, it develops a foundation for the application of kinetic structures as a means of enhancing the performance of space. The motivation lies in creating adaptable spaces. There is a need for adaptable spaces and a design method for achieving this by building kinetic structures that can physically convert themselves through kinetics to adapt to the ever-changing requirements and conditions. This thesis proposes the use of kinematic methods in the design process of kinetic structures to create adaptable space organizations. In order to show the applicability of kinematic methods in the design process of the adaptable space organizations, a new type of an architectural umbrella covered by flexible material is developed for covering open-air spaces. Graphical synthesis method is used in the design process and the performance of the architectural umbrella is analyzed with Visual Nastran 4D. This is a CAD program capable of kinematic analysis.
Bio-inspired design of a kinetic node for adaptable structures
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Acar, Melodi Simay; Korkmaz, Koray
The architectural design should no longer consider just in terms of today's demands, but also the life cycle and the further requirements of the built environment. The design process should consider the adaptation to the changing conditions which can be in terms of the building usage, environmental factors or even in the changes ofsociological demands. Rapid change in activities of modern society and building technologies, has led to the need for adaptable spaces. Those spaces can be obtained by the adaptable structures which have potential for using our resources in efficient way and also for responding to the era's needs. This can be achieved with kinetic structural systems and learning adaptable structures from nature.Nature has always inspired humanity by solving the basic needs with minimum material and sustainable solutions. Observation of nature enables architects and engineers familiar with highly developed structures and lead to the creation of new forms. The designs that are produced by learning from nature lead to practical engineering solutions in terms of sustainability. The aim of this research is to propose a joint; kinetic node with multidisciplinary approach. This kinetic node is designed by inspiring from the minimum energy shape configurations and the structural orders in natural structures especially the cell membrane and analyzing the joining details of space truss structural systems and the geometric principles of Bricard linkage mechanism. This new kinetic node gives capability to construct variable static and dynamic structural systems while constructing in different structural orders.
Design and analysis of deployable reciprocal frames
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022-07) Özen, Gülçin; Korkmaz, Koray
A reciprocal frame (RF) is a type of structure used since early times. It consists of mutually supporting bars that can span large distances greater than the length of the bar. Although there are deficiencies in previous studies, there are movable RFs, but we cannot talk about the existence of a 3-dimensional deployable RF network. This study aims to contribute to the missing knowledge for movable RF fans and develop a deployable RF network. The study has conducted a comprehensive literature review to gain knowledge and identify the deficiencies of RFs. There are many studies about RFs, but it has been observed that very limited research has been done on movable RFs, and some geometric properties have not been made yet. Firstly, missing geometric knowledge has been found, which are the positions and orientations of the joints by using Denavit-Hartenberg parameters. Also, the effect of engagement length on the fan height and base edge is analyzed. A reconfigurable demountable RF fan is created with the obtained geometric knowledge. Then, mobility calculations are made, and kinematic diagrams are drawn for zero, single, and multi degrees of freedom (DoF) triangular, quadrilateral, and pentagonal fans. Their motions are investigated, and 3-dimensional (3d) simulations are generated. A two DoF quadrilateral fan with prismatic and revolute joints is produced. Then the possibilities of assembling the two DoF fans are searched to create a deployable RF network. While the network has a single DoF in the direction of vault curvature, it has multi DoF in the thickness direction. The network takes the form of a roll in its most closed state, and it takes the form of a vault in its most open state. The section of the curvature of the deployable network is the same as the Da Vinci bridge. However, while simple joints were used in the Da Vinci Bridge, revolute and prismatic joints are used in the proposed deployable RF network.
Design of a reconfigurable deployable structure for post disaster housing
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2014-12) Ataer, Fulya; Korkmaz, Koray; Kiper, Gökhan
In this thesis, the possibility of constructing reconfigurable deployable structure composed of planar linkage units has been explored. The first part of the thesis is devoted to literature survey on housing recovery. When the current researches on post disaster housing are investigated, it is observed that most of post disaster housing or temporary buildings in the literature are predefined portable, demountable or relocatable buildings. Deployable buildings serve for a single function. A study into the existence of alternative forms of a reconfigurable deployable structure has been done. The conditions for the alternative forms to be a multi-functional building have been derived. Reconfigurable deployable structure presented here is a single degrees-of-freedom (DoF) multi-loop linkage which has more than two configurations. The alternative forms that a linkage is constructed with the same links and connections are called configurations or assembly modes of the linkage. During its motion, the linkage may pass from one assembly mode to another, which is called reconfiguration or assembly mode change. Design and position analysis of the linkage mechanism have been implemented in Microsoft Excel® environment. The link lengths can be varied in this environment and the motion of the structure can be simulated by changing input joint parameters. Four different case studies have been designed in Microsoft Excel®. A reconfigurable deployable structure can be used as a multi-functional shelter or canopy which can take many forms in a few minutes for urgent needs after disasters, military purpose or public needs. Its deployed and retracted (or compact) geometries are explored. As a case study the dimensions of links are presented. Installation process for different functions is explained. The full concept for the structure, from outer covering material to foundation is then detailed. Finally, a sample material cost analysis is performed to determine if the product is financially feasible.
Design of novel transformable planar structural linkages with angulated scissor units
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016-12) Yar, Müjde; Korkmaz, Koray
In this dissertation, the primary objective is to propose a novel geometrical construction technique in order to construct a planar and single degree of freedom structural linkage that can transform between concave and convex configurations. In the literature, most of the deployable structures transform between two known configurations: stowed and deployed. Especially, the deployable structures with radial movement capability have a fixed center point. Starting this point of view, current study deals with a new type of angulated scissor structural linkage that can change its form between bended upward and bended downward configurations by moving the center point of the structure along a direction. In other words, it can change its curvature during the transformation process. The most important point of the study is the usage of kite and dart loops to construct angulated scissor linkages. The geometry of kite or its concave version dart loop provides to obtain angulated scissor bars. The angulated scissor unit, that is composed of the mentioned angulated bars, is different from the existing ones in the literature because they do not provide deployability conditions like known angulated scissor units. Thus, the planar structure that is composed of new type of angulated scissor units has different transformation capability. It transforms between bended upward and downward configurations. In this study, modelling and simulation with computer soft wares have been used as a research method. The proposed structural linkage has been modelled using Solidworks®. As a part of the position analysis, the variations of the structure according to different parameters have been exposed in Microsoft Excel®.
Design of single degree-of-freedom planar linkages with antiparallelogram loops using loop assembly method
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017-07) Gür, Şebnem; Korkmaz, Koray
This research deals with the methodical derivation of single degree-of-freedom (dof) deployable and transformable linkages with antiparallelogram loops. The study starts with the review of literature on the mechanisms used in planar deployable structures, scissor mechanisms in particular. Scissor mechanisms have been subject of many research, including those that examine them in term of the loops formed. In this research, a summary of the loops observed in previous researches are mentioned. The simplest single-dof linkage is the four-bar linkage. Its loop geometry is quadrilateral. The loops defined formerly in the deployable structures literature are compared to the geometries classified under quadrilaterals and seen that use of antiparallelogram loops are yet to be discovered. While forming novel linkages with antiparallelogram loops, the loop assembly method that Hoberman utilized during his discovery of angulated scissor linkages is used. In order to lay out alternatives of loop arraying options, pattern generating methods are examined. Frieze group operations are found to be most suitable. Using those, loop assembly variations are formed. Later, links formed by these arrays are determined and linkages are formed, modelled and simulated using Solidworks®. Among many alternatives, five of them are chosen due to their novelties in specific aspects. In conclusion findings are compared to the previous research in the literature. Potentials of the novel linkages in terms of architecture are discussed and further research subjects are offered.
Geometric and mobility analysis of the Miura-Ori pattern and derivations
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016-12) Hüseynli, Ayten; Korkmaz, Koray
Origami is a Japanese art of folding paper. Recently it has started to be used in aerospace applications such as deployable masts, satellite antennas, and in architectural applications such as emergency shelters, temporary shelters, portable exhibition stands. Deployable plate structures based origami art are attractive to both architects and engineers because of their structural and spatial qualities. They have special geometries according to the rigid origami patterns. The Miura-Ori is a rigid origami pattern that is formed from a tessellated arrangement of a single repeated unit consists of four quadrangle plates. It has fully folded and fully deployed configurations. This research investigates geometric and mobility aspects of Miura-Ori pattern with its derivations and explore the possibilities of constructing a deployable plate structure using the same pattern. The first part of the research investigates geometry of the Miura patterns. The aim is to generate derivations by changing the input parameters. Small scale physical models are built to verify the geometric design guidelines. Miura unit consisted of four plates and four joints is a single degree of freedom spherical mechanism. The second part of the research is concentrated on mobility analysis. The aim is to develop a method for removing excessive plates and joints without changing the mobility. The established equations assist us to determine nth term of the excessive plates and joints. A Method of Double Arrangement (MoDA) is developed in order to determine the placement of excessive plates. Finally, a deployable plate structure based on Miura-Ori pattern is proposed for an architectural application. However, the plates cause obstruction of the sky, thereby affecting sunlight and daylight availability inside the building. Thus, some excessive plates are reduced according to the proposed method. The final form of the structure lets to get more energy from the sun to provide heating and lighting.
The interaction of reinforced concrete skeleton systems andarchitectural form subjected to earthquake effects
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2010) İnan, Tuğba; Korkmaz, Koray
3 The interaction of architectural form and structural configuration has become a serious issue in the building industry because of the poor seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings in Turkey. Therefore, it has a determinative role on earthquake behaviour of buildings. The study focuses on R/C skeleton systems which are commonly constructed in building industry of Turkey. In this study, structural irregularities in plan and vertical direction have been investigated in detail based on Turkish Earthquake Code, 2007. Four main cases are generated based on each structural irregularity in plan. These cases consist of 29 main parametric models and totally 265 models with sub models. They are designed as to have symmetrical or asymmetrical plan geometry and regular or irregular rigidity distribution. All models are analyzed by using the structural analyzing software, IdeCAD Static 6.0055. The changes in the earthquake behaviour of buildings were examined according to the number of stories, number of axes, configuration of structural elements, floor openings, projections in plan and vertical direction. Many findings are obtained and assessed as a result of the analysis for each structural irregularity. The most remarkable result shows that structural irregularities can be observed in completely symmetric buildings in terms of plan geometry and rigidity distribution due to the inaccurate structural system selection. Moreover, it has emerged that symmetry in the rigidity distribution is more important than the symmetry in the plan geometry.
Kinematic design and analysis of deployable vault and pseudo-dome structures based on origami techniques
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017-07) Karaveli Kartal, Andree Sonad; Korkmaz, Koray
In recent years a need for more adaptable and flexible structures have been observed due to the changing spatial and functional needs. One of the solutions for an adaptable space in architecture is deployable structures. These kinds of structures provide flexible solutions to the functional and spatial necessities of an environment. There are different kinds of deployable structures such as bar and foldable plate structures, membrane, inflatable, cable/strut etc. This study presents a method of designing a pseudo-dome flat-foldable and deployable plate structure (rigid origami) based on origami patterns that have a polar rotation deployment axis. To achieve this objective, first a method of designing flat-foldable and linearly deployed barrel vault structures have been created by analyzing their geometrical properties. This analysis along with a workspace analysis provided knowledge on the geometrical relations between the cross-sections and deployment parameters. These relations allowed the design of a flat-foldable rigid origami structure based on the geometry of the cross-section using a pattern-generator. The method of using a pattern-generator to create an origami pattern has been modified to achieve a polar rotated deployable pseudo-dome structure. The design method allows the designer to calculate all the relevant parameters to create an origami structure by modifying three parameters for barrel vault foldable structures and two parameters for pseudo-dome structures. The created origami pattern is then transformed to a foldable deployable plate structure with the intended design requirements. The design processes for both design methods have been explained with case studies.
A method to design kinetic planar surface with mathematical tessellation techniques
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2010) Gazi Gezgin, Aylin; Korkmaz, Koray
Due to rapid change in activities on modern society in XXth century, need of adaptation has emerged, which was the necessary precondition for the rise of the concept of motion or kinetic in architecture. Kinetic architecture is a controversial interdisciplinary area between architecture and mechanisms science. Many kinetic designers and researchers usually reach transformable, deployable or foldable structures by using mechanical knowledge. However, there are not many researches that focus on the surfaces between kinetic structures. Those surfaces generally covered with flexible or flat materials. Kinetic architects, who usually deal with a particular type of the mechanism, can easily control the design of mechanism. Therefore, a method is necessary to construct a network with planar mechanisms for variable building surfaces due to the fact that it can be a problem of studying during the design process of kinetic building parts. Many questions might be a problem such as how many links should be used, what kind of joints and platform should be chosen and finally the mobility of the whole kinetic system. To design a surface has been one of the major problems for architects. Through the history, architecture has benefited from mathematics such as golden ratio, fractal geometry and tessellation. Tessellation is a kind of mathematical technique that was usually used to cover a plane without any gaps or overlaps, because of this properties, it uses to design surfaces. So, the main purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to design kinetic planar surfaces with mathematical regular tessellation technique in the light of architectural, mechanical and mathematical interdisciplinary approach.
A new design approach for planar retractable plate structures based on uniform tessellations
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016-12) Gazi Gezgin, Aylin; Korkmaz, Koray
Designs of the retractable plate structures have started to gain importance after the increase in the application of kinetic roofs, facades and surfaces in architecture since last decade of twentieth century. Thus many researchers try to find the most suitable form of the rigid plates by the help of kinematic and numerical analysis in order to fulfil the task of covered enclosure without any interference, gaps or overlaps between the plates. Considering previous works, this study aims to create a method for designers that transform; the predefined rigid plates into retractable plate structures (RPS) without using any complex kinematic or numerical analysis. Throughout the study, shapes of the rigid plates are selected as regular polygons. Tessellation technique is utilized which shows a proper way of covering a plane by using regular polygons. In the light of this aim, the detailed investigation of how regular polygons are combined in a plane is being carried out. Also two general conditions for the assembly of rigid regular polygonal plates are discovered so that tessellation can form RPS without any interference, gaps or overlaps between each other in closed and open configurations. Then two distinct methods are proposed to design the extra link for the RPS that do not satisfy these two conditions to make them totally operational with respect to the design constraints. Additionally, another method is proposed for the shape modification of the plates where the tessellation satisfies the conditions. Furthermore, for the multi degrees of freedom retractable structures, another method is proposed to convert them into single degree of freedom RPS by utilizing graph theory and duality. In the last part of the thesis, degrees of freedom calculations of the proposed retractable structures are considered and a theorem is proposed to prove that their degree of freedom is one. Throughout the thesis simulation and modelling technique is utilized for analysis of retraction and expansion.
Novel design methodologies for transfeormable doubly-ruled surface structures
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2015) Maden, Feray; Korkmaz, Koray
Today architecture seeks for adaptable spaces ever than before to meet the changing functional, spatial or environmental needs. Thus, it necessitates developing adaptive structures that are capable of geometric transformations. For this purpose, a series of kinetic structures has been developed. The most impressive examples of these structures are deployable and transformable bar structures that have the ability to change their shapes from one configuration to another. Although many innovative designs have been proposed for these structures, only a few have been constructed at full-scale due to their complex mechanical systems and limited configurations in which they can carry loads. Moreover, most of the proposed structures are restricted to certain geometric forms such as singly-curved vaults or doubly-curved synclastic domes. Doubly-curved anticlastic structures have been rarely used despite their resistance to loads through their curvatures and ease of constructing their surfaces by ruled surface generation method. The primary objective of this dissertation is to propose novel methodologies to design deployable and transformable doubly-ruled surface structures by using novel structural mechanisms (SMs) which provide morphologically flexible, mechanically simple, structurally effective and architecturally viable solutions. For this purpose, a systematic procedure is developed which comprises geometric design, structural synthesis and structural design phases. First, the geometric properties of the doubly-ruled surfaces are thoroughly analyzed and their morphologies are investigated based on the generated parametric models. Second, novel SMs are constructed by means of structural synthesis in which transformation capabilities of the proposed SMs are discussed in detail. Finally, several case studies are proposed for the architectural applications of those SMs and a set of structural analyses is carried out at different configurations of the proposed structures to discuss their structural behavior under typical loading patterns. “Simulation and modeling” has been used as the main research method in the study which covers all mathematical models and computer simulations.
A novel transformation model for deployable scissor-hinge structures
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2010) Akgün, Yenal; Korkmaz, Koray
Primary objective of this dissertation is to propose a novel analytical design and implementation framework for deployable scissor-hinge structures which can offer a wide range of form flexibility. When the current research on this subject is investigated, it can be observed that most of the deployable and transformable structures in the literature have predefined open and closed body forms; and transformations occur between these two forms by using one of the various transformation types such as sliding, deploying, and folding. During these transformation processes, although some parts of these structures do move, rotate or slide, the general shape of the structure remains stable. Thus, these examples are insufficient to constitute real form flexibility. To alleviate this deficiency found in the literature, this dissertation proposes a novel transformable scissor-hinge structure which can transform between rectilinear geometries and double curved forms. The key point of this novel structure is the modified scissor-like element (M-SLE). With the development of this element, it becomes possible to transform the geometry of the whole system without changing the span length. In the dissertation, dimensional properties, transformation capabilities, geometric, kinematic and static analysis of this novel element and the whole proposed scissor-hinge structure are thoroughly examined and discussed. During the research, simulation and modeling have been used as the main research methods. The proposed scissor-hinge structure has been developed by preparing computer simulations, producing prototypes and investigating the behavior of the structures in these media by several kinematic and structural analyses.
A research on a reconfigurable hypar structure for architectural applications
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2013) Susam, Gözde; Korkmaz, Koray
Kinetic design strategy is a way to obtain remarkable applications in architecture. These kinetic designs can offer more advantages compared to conventional ones. Basic knowledge of different disciplines is necessary to generate kinetic designs. In other words, interdisciplinary studies are critical. Therefore, architect's knowledge must be wide-ranging in order to increase novel design approaches and applications. The resulting rich hybrid products increase the potential of the disciplines individually. Research on kinetic structures shows that the majority of kinetic structures are deployable. However, deployable structures can only be transformed from a closed compact configuration to a predetermined expanded form. The motivation of the present dissertation is generating a novel 2 DOF 8R reconfigurable structure which can meet different hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces for architectural applications. In order to obtain this novel structure; the integration between the mechanism science and architecture is essential. The term reconfigurable will be used in the present dissertation to describe deployable structures with various configurations. The novel reconfigurable design utilizes the overconstrained Bennett linkage and the production principals of ruled surfaces. The dissertation begins with a brief summary of deployable structures to show their shortcomings and their lack of form flexibility. Afterward, curved surfaces, basic terms in mechanisms and overconstrained mechanisms were investigated. Finally, a proposed novel mechanism which is inspired from the basic design principles of Bennett linkage and the fundamentals of ruled surfaces are explained with the help of kinematic diagrams and models.
A research on structural design approaches within the scope of theory and application
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Korkmaz, Koray; Eyüce, Özen
The integration of creative, imaginative and economically feasible structures into the design process of _buildings has always been an essential issue in the history of architecture. The aim of this study is; to explore the relationship between the design of structural systems and the formation of architectural space, to display the changes in structure/space relationship in respect to scientific progress from the beginning of the age of positivism until today. This study is structured in two parts. At first, a morphological classification is made within a retrospective overview to explore the relationship of structure and space. Secondly, the age of positivism and the effects of positivism on architectural theories are explored to determine the changes in structure/space relationship. Today, the new developments in architectural space concept, such as "dynamic stability" affects the design of structures. Still, it is clear that the structure is an indispensable necessity during the process of shaping the space and architectural end product "building", whether the space is static or dynamic.
Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis to reduce cooling requirement of low-rise apartment blocks in the hot-humid climate region of Turkey
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2012) Yıldız, Yusuf; Korkmaz, Koray
Cooling demand in apartment buildings is an important problem due to the global warming today. Implementing passive design techniques to reduce cooling requirements cannot be possible in dense cities. Therefore, energy performance of apartment buildings usually depends on uncertainties caused by local climate and design parameters such as window size, zone height, features of materials and so on. The main aims of dissertation are to determine design parameters that have the most impact on the annual cooling energy loads for low-rise apartment blocks in hothumid climatic region of Turkey, and to evaluate uncertainty in annual cooling loads caused by design parameters and global warming. Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods are performed by using morphology of an existing low-rise apartment block in Izmir, Turkey. The minor aim of thesis is to develop a practical guide to help architects while designing low-rise apartment blocks which have low cooling load located in Izmir. This practical guide was developed by using the results of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses and interviews with architects who have worked on commercial architectural projects in Izmir and are considered to be experts on energy efficiency in buildings. The results show that the sensitivity of evaluated design parameters and annual cooling energy loads in low-rise apartment blocks varies based on the effect of global warming and floors in the apartment block. In addition, total window area, natural ventilation and solar heat gain coefficient of the glazing based on the orientation have the most influence on annual cooling load of low-rise apartment blocks in hot-humid climates. Furthermore, the developed practical guide is feasible and could be used in design process of low-rise apartment blocks targeted low cooling demand in hot-humid climates.
A study on the use and design of mechanisms in art and architecture
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020-07) Maral, Mesude Oraj; Korkmaz, Koray
This study consists of research on developmental processes, fundamentals, kinematic properties, and design methods of art and architectural examples that involve mechanisms and a proposal of a novel method of designing polygonal deployable surfaces. The effect of motion studies on art and architecture is analyzed from the first technical studies of motion and portable examples of architecture. The pre-industrial automata, acoustic designs, musical instruments, water-lifting devices, and aqueducts were designed by artists and architects as well; windmills that are the first rotating structures, clocks, clock towers, construction machines and early examples of movable bridges are examined. The kinematic properties and fundamentals of mechanisms are analyzed. The kinematic structural analyses of contemporary art and architectural products are conducted by drawing kinematic diagrams, demonstrating link and joint types and numbers; and mobility calculations. The primary units and assembly methods of them are examined. Strengthening the bond among the fields of kinetic architecture, art and mechanism science is intended. The present study is the first source in which examples from the related fields and corresponding kinematic science are explicitly transmitted for artists and architects. Finally, a novel design method for polygonal deployable surfaces that is adaptable to climatic, functional, visual and/or social needs is developed. The method starts with the kinematic design of the triangular primary unit, which is topologically Bennett's plano-spherical mechanism. The planar position provides covering surfaces, while the spherical linkage generates a 3D dynamic form during movement. The design is adapted to polygons and multiplied in Archimedean tilings. A single actuator can drive all designs. The modularity provides designs versatility and flexibility.
The use of origami-based kinetic facade component to improve daylight performance in terms of LEED criteria: A case of IZTECH Innovation Center
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020-07) Yasinci, Zihni; Korkmaz, Koray
Novel solutions in sustainable design due to advancing technology are increased besides bringing new problems. One major problem is originated with the usage of fully-glazed surfaces on the building facade without any justification. Fully-glazed facades may lead to higher energy consumption and visual discomfort. In such office buildings where most of the working time is in the daytime, this situation causes a decreasing in employees' performance and high energy usage. Kinetic facades have emerged as a design solution to control daylight efficiency. Such adaptive elements with varying geometry and material can be applied to the facade according to the form, orientation, location of the building and the climate of the region. Therefore, the number of such studies must be increased. In this study, a determined part of the origami pattern (chicken wire) that consists of seven joints and six panels with a single degree of freedom as a spherical mechanism for the kinetic facade component was used. The aim is to increase daylight efficiency with three-dimensional shape changes in this kinetic facade in terms of LEED daylight criteria. IZTECH Innovation Center is modelled in Revit apply scenarios including variations of timeline, kinetic facade component's opening angles and material type. The performance of the kinetic facade is evaluated according to illuminance and sDA values calculated. As a result, a direct correlation between the customization of facade elements according to sunlight and daylight usage was observed. Findings provided us a guidance on how to apply the kinetic facade elements according to daylight.