Doktora Tezleri

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A retrospective evaluation of space organization principles in architecture (building on Mimar Kemalettin Street in Izmir)
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2000) Turan, Mine; Eyüce, Ahmet
The fundamental idea aimed in this study is to invoke some architectural ways of handling the space organization problems in historic urban sites subjected to unhealthy transformations. The dominant function may be kept as constant through out ages in a specific region, but still it is certain that architectural end products pertaining to different periods will most probably reflect the modifications in spatial decisions appropriate to their own social, cultural and economical context. It has been thought that if a method of morphological evaluation is developed to decipher the spatial qualities of the present buildings belonging to different periods, it will then be possible to derive significant spatial values to be taken into consideration in succeeding design decisions. This will result in a poly-phasal urban morphology with heterogeneous spatial qualities, instead of an enormous complexity stemming from inappropriate conversions. It is thought that the present situation of the built environment in izmir is mostly recalled with its negative aspects. Renewals and bad restorations had resulted in the loss of so far established identity on MK Street, and a better one has not been formed. Nevertheless, it has preserved the architectural characteristics that make it a transitional zone between the totally preserved historical commercial district Kemeraltl and the totally burned down and renewed Alsancak. It has buildings representing the commercial activities experienced in Traditional Ottoman, Westernization, Early Republican, Modern and Post-Modern periods in this historical commercial region of izmir.Within this frame, in each chapter of the thesis the following points have been put forth for discussion. The introduction presents the arguments of the thesis with respect to the architectural developments in the country and izmir. The aims and content are clearly stated, where as the points that will be kept out of the discussion ground are pointed out as well. This means the denotative meanings of space are chosen to be discussed instead of the connotative ones. The problem is, then, defined in terms of hypothesis. Following this, the methodology suggested for deciphering the general architectural characteristics and space organization principles of buildings has been presented. The first step of the method, therefore, involves the establishment of an architectural database necessary for further discussions and the second one proposes a morphological evaluation system for the analysis of the spatial systems of each building. The way of handling the written and illustrative results arrived at the end of the analysis is to compare them with each other to clearly state the dominant and peculiar spatial themes in text format. Finally, the buildings themselves as the primary sources of this study, together with the archive documents, old maps and photographs, travelogues, evaluations of previous researchers on history of izrnir and the architectural practice in the city, and previous studies dealing with space evaluation methods are criticized.Chapter 2 auns to get acquainted with the problems of the thesis by understanding the correlation between the social and economical developments, and also the architectural developments in izrnir through out the ages. The architectural reflections of this historical evolution have been identified on the continuously transformed commercial district of Mimar Kemalettin Street. This resume of the historical and architectural developments in the study area with respect to those within the city whole has provided a ground for the following spatial evaluations of buildings within the limits of their two constants - location and function.Chapter 3 evaluates the buildings and built form on Mimar Kemalettin Street as representatives of different architectural trends. The information pertaining to tectonics provided in the identification and design sheets, and the spatial characteristics analyzed in the system tables have been evaluated in this chapter. It is understood that there are representatives of five major architectural trends: Traditional Ottoman, Late Ottoman under the Influence of Westernization, Early Republican, Modem and Post-Modem. Comparison among different sets of buildings possessing similar function and location specifications, but created according to different architectural traditions and generally in different periods have been put forth in order to clarify the characteristics of a certain group within the set. In the conclusion, space organization principles belonging to buildings of various architectural periods and the built form in the transformed urban fabric of MK Street deciphered through out the study have been interpreted. The primary hypothesis of the thesis that each architectural trend on MK Street has its own space organization principles, but there is also a general evolution of the commercial space systems has been proved via the proposed method. The proposed method has been efficient in establishing an architectural database related with the seventy-three buildings studied. Consequently, spatial systems of each period have been delineated. Then, related analysis and evaluation results have been put forward, and compared with each other. This way of differentiating significant spatial values developed in every period will surely illuminate the decisions to be taken under the pressure of virtual transformations.
A specaial transportation modelling approach for the disadvantaged groups in urban traffic
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2000) Duvarcı, Yavuz; Süel, Akın
It has been known that conventional transportation models and studies have been inadequate to solve the acute transportation problems in the urban areas to date that overwhelmingly those disadvantaged groups face. The major reason is probably that the qualitative and social parameters that could be the real factors in the explanation of the "disadvantagedness" have not been efficiently considered in the modelling because of the uncertainty, and non-normative nature of the models.This thesis study as a normative one offers basically two methodological approach that can be integrated to the normal models: First, the clear-cut defInition of so-called disadvantaged by the cluster analysis method, and second, application of the modelling procedures both for normal case and for the disadvantaged simulatenously by which the determination of policy packages (policy capturing) is probable on the basis ofthe differences between the two models. The improvement of disadvantaged means getting closer to the normality in transportation conditions. With this, it is meant that policy-making to improve the disadvantaged can even start from the modelling stages.As an innovative approach, vanous correlated variables are grouped into "Major" variables in the form of function formulations, which are thought best represent the social/qualitative parameters.In the model runs, latest version of TRANUS (6.0) was used to speed up the modelling process (especially the Trip Assignments). With TRANUS., categorical handling is possible. It is found that there appears a remarkable discrepancy between the two models at the level of Trip Generations (productions), and some different variables could be used in the model for disadvantaged.Finally, in the Correspondence Module (or, category analysis), as of the adopted equity principles, the association of those disadvantaged categories (as transportation categories) with the "disadvantagedness" levels is maintained. This matching process also provided a gauge with which the policies could be produced for the matching transportation (disadvantaged) categories. To see the effectiveness of the method, three simulations are run based on the three policy scenarios where any move towards betterment in the condition of disadvantaged is welcome.As the result of this study, though less than expected, an improvement was observed in the travel conditions of the disadvantaged. It is observed not surprisingly that policy formulations playing around the income related and vehicle ownership variables can be more successful in obtaining better results. More frequent trials with better scenario formulations as well would have ended with better results.Key Words: Transportation Planning, Equity, Transportation Disadvantaged, Cluster Analysis, Category (Correspondence) Analysis, Transportation Ethics, Modelling-, Fuzzy Sets Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, Simulation-, Gini Index.
A methodology for geographical information systems based participatory decision making approach
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2001) Yiğitcanlar, Tan; Arkon, Cemal
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to come up with better planning can be utilized. But unless the final decisions contain strategic and participatory decisions and are indeed an improvement upon previous solutions and are in fact turned into actions, using a GIS will just not necessarily increase the cost of the planning activities. In this thesis a new approach, which is called "Geographical Information Systems Based Participatory Decision Making Approach (GISbPDM)" is proposed to overcome current planning problems and also to answer most of the debates about traditional GIS. GISbPDM employs three basic components in its body. Collaborative GIS is the first component of GISbPDM and represents the spatial decision support system and makes new GIS trends available - especially Public Participation GIS - for public, urban planners and decision makers. Strategic Choice Approach is the second component of GISbPDM and it is a sophisticated technique for making decisions and developing action plans in situations with many options and uncertainties in a participatory manner.Computer Supported Collaborative Work System (CSCW) is the third component of GISbPDM and has an involving structure - by cooperative work and participatory design supported by computers - for utilization of the collaborative and participatory decision models. The system architecture of GISbPDM has quite a simple mechanism. GIS including the local and central databases is used for data manipulation, visualization, queries and interactive sketching on an easily accessible platform. Strategic Choice Approach is the policy and decision-making model that works interconnected to this GIS platform.Accordingly participants can visualize the alternatives, submit them to the decisionmakers and other participants, allow them to modify the alternatives and create their own proposals. The participation can be realized in different levels such as information participation, collaborative work, public participation and elite participation. Proposed system architecture has an encouraging power for participatory planning and besides CSCW helps in increasing participation in all levels.
An analiytical approach to semi-private and semi-public spaces within the context of urban housing pattern
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Özgen, Elif Yeşim; Eyüce, Özen
This study aims at understanding the changing public private relations in housing environments designed and produced after 80.s as a consequence of redefined context of 20th century life style and housing models. The study also aims to examine and display the transactions of the modernization processes in Turkey. Especially the mass housing settlements, in İzmir are chosen as study areas. The study evaluates the quantitative and qualitative properties of the settlement areas in which masss produced housing units are used repeatedly and monotonously.The .garden city. and .satellite city., which are accepted as the 20th century modern settlement models are surveyed, and their spatial transformations are analyzed. In this framework, the reflections of urban spatial transformation in Europe and Turkey are evaluated whitin the context of city of Izmir. Especially, the presence of semi-private areas, which hold the opportunity, and the spatial potentials of socialization such as gathering, collecting, intersecting, confronting, are surveyed within five different mass housing site examples in Izmir. From the .private space., which is the basic .housing unit. to . public space., levels of the spatial hierarcy, (which is the subject of social psychology), meant to be put forward. The transition spaces, which are semi- private and semi-public, are argued as to whether they constitute criteria in contemporary design applications. Such a concern is evaluated by comparative analysis. The study suggests to create a qualitative contribution for futher designs of quantitatively designed mass housing environments.Key words: modern settlement models, housing spatial transformation, housing pattern/hiyerarchy (public, semi-public, semi-private and public spaces), privacy concept in housing, spatial quality.
Analysis of the interaction between theory and practice in urban planning: Understanding Izmir experience
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Kaya, Nursen; Özdemir, Semahat
Urban planning, as one of the factors in shaping the urban structure, aims to help to increase the quality of life both through making the necessary spatial arrangements and through development of the urban policies. However the interventions brought through this field of study and action have always been under discussion in terms of the or success of this intervention. Accordingly one of the most ongoing discussions in planning literature covers the issues related to the theory and practice interaction with the aim to see the accordance or disaccordance between planned action and the real world of action and to help to clarify the need or success of this intervention. This thesis study is carried out with the aim to understand the interaction between theory and practice in urban planning. It aims to analyze whether the theory of planning guides to the practice of planning and whether the practice of planning shapes the urban structure. In other words it attempts to clarify the role of theory on practice of planning and the impacts of planning practice on urban structure. This study is formed of two main parts as the theoretical frame and the case study. In the first part the study presented the framework of planning theory and a short review of major theoretical approaches stated in planning literature. In the second part the study presented planning experiences of the city of İzmir through carrying out an analysis of planning practices in terms of theoretical background and implementation of planning decisions. The research method followed for carrying out of the study is mainly based on literature search, İzmir Metropolitan Municipality archives search, Yeni Asır newspaper search and on-site observations. This study found out that planning practices of İzmir had been generally guided by various theoretical approaches and these practices had performed many impacts on urban structure of İzmir. However it can not be claimed that the practice had been successfully guided by the theory or the practice had been successful to shape urban structure. Keywords: Planning Theory, Planning Practice, Theoretical Approaches, Planning in Turkey, Planning in İzmir, Urban Structure of İzmir, Prost, Danger, Le Corbusier, Aru, Bodmer.
Evolution of trade centres in relation to changing trade activities
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Birol, Gaye; Eyüce, Ahmet
This study examines contemporary shopping centres from a critical standpoint as spatial devices of the current global socio-economic system in which public realm is reduced to an active shopping realm. Thus, shopping centres that are spatial instruments of modern consumption culture are being transformed into means of social disintegration by breaking individual from community. Therefore, the aim of the study is to present the spatial characteristics of shopping spaces that emphasize social aspect (which enhances interactions among people) of shopping activity. Along this purpose, the relations between cultural differentiations and shopping activity are analysed within the context of the spatial characteristics of shopping places. In this study, the relationships between traditional urban spaces-contemporary shopping spaces will be examined from the point of spatial aspect of social interactions in city. It is assumed in the study that the spatial characteristics of traditional shopping places in urban space throughout their historical evolution can shed light upon analysing the quality of shopping spaces with capacity to enhance communal coherence, that is to say "shopping places with social attributes". Traditional shopping spaces in Turkey have started to transform along with the importation of the contemporary shopping centres which is one of the recent building types in Turkey emerged after 1980s. Thus, traditional shopping spaces have gradually failed to keep their salient spatial features during this transformation. Hence, a thorough analysis of above-defined transformation is needed as well as the establishment of spatial relations between the traditional and contemporary shopping spaces of a town. To this purpose, it is required to construct an alternative evaluation approach based on the characteristics about spatial qualities of traditional urban fabric.The major objective of this study is the investigation of spatial characteristics of traditional shopping space. Thus, it is of particular interest to find out spatial characteristics that maintain the unity between shopping activity and social fabric in traditional shopping space (that is the urban space itself in traditional city). Along this path, it is aimed to develop a new evaluation approach for the spatial analysis of shopping spaces.Spatial evaluation approach proposed in the thesis consists of spatial characteristics, which are required by urban fabric-shopping space-social structure unity of pre-industrial town in order to reinterpret them in the contemporary shopping centres. Thus, the problem area was defined in the first chapter of the study. Theoretical framework in which spatial relationships in regard to the concept of .shopping places with social attributes. is evaluated, was clarified in the second chapter. Then, in the third chapter, the study focused on revealing the historical growth of relationships between shopping space-urban space in the both Western and Anatolian cities. Spatial characteristics and cultural differentiations of shopping activity were elucidated. These characteristics were matched with the spatial characteristics that constitute "shopping places with social attributes". Therefore, a comparative analysis approach was developed in order to specify resemblances and divergences of contemporary shopping spaces with traditional shopping places in Western and Anatolian cities. In the next stage of the third chapter, traditional shopping spaces in Western and Anatolian cities were compared with contemporary shopping spaces from the viewpoint of the spatial features, with social attributes. Therefore, the spatial features of traditional "shopping places with social attributes", were established. In the fourth chapter of the study, these spatial features were systematised through theories of urban design, architectural design and shopping centre design criteria. Consequently, an alternative approach was formulated in order to evaluate the potentials for creating "shopping places with social attributes" in contemporary shopping centres. This approach, at the same time, contains a series of key principles, which can shed light upon achieving unity of urban fabric-shopping space-social structure in contemporary shopping spaces. Balıkesir is selected for the case study in association with the concept of shopping places with social attributes, which constitutes the problem area of the thesis. In the fifth chapter, the salient features of existing shopping spaces in Balıkesir were examined within the framework of this approach. Thus, it is concluded that the area must be transformed into a shopping place that can enhance social relationships by rehabilitation of the existing spatial fabric. Thus, it is suggested that traditional spatial principles should play determining role for developing design criteria of contemporary shopping spaces.It is concluded that rehabilitation of the disintegration between urban space and shopping space would facilitate formation of commercially successful shopping spaces for its investors. Also, contemporary shopping spaces would become a building typology that provides physical and spatial medium required for social functions of the city. Therefore, the concept of .shopping places with social attributes. was set forth with its all components, and was developed into a systematic evaluation approach that can be utilised for contemporary shopping spaces.Keywords: Shopping centre, shopping space, social values, traditional urban space, Balıkesir.
Costruction of time conception in architectural realm, Sigfrifd Giedion and space, time and architecture
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Güner, Deniz; Ergül, Emre
The main idea aimed in this dissertation is to deconstruct the transposition process of the concept of time from a term of art history into that of architecture.Thesis begins with the transforming effects of the art historical space conceptions in the 19th century German architectural theories on the formation of 20th century modern architectural space conception as .Space-time.. Space-time is termed by the avant-gardist architectural historian-critic Sigfried Giedion in the beginning of the first quarter of the twentieth century to characterize the morphological and structural forms of the new modes of spatial experience, temporal consciousness and self-evidency as the new characteristics of architectural Modernity.Apart from the Swiss art history tradition he has been trained, Giedion undertakes a leading role and owing to his historian background, constitutes a model both in establishment of historiography of modern architecture and in shaping the role of an architectural historian. Within the framework of his dual programmatic roles of Avant-gardist architectural historian and of mediator historian, suggesting the unification of architecture and life, Giedion renders architecture as the origin and apparatus of the holistic cultural renewal he has been striving to realize. In line with his Hegelian Telos of Unity, in order to justify his unification ethos he has proposed in every field of life between .feeling. and .thought,. Giedion invents scientific and artistic footings. Giedion sets on his Hegelian understanding of history as Zeitgeist to support the self-evidencies of scientific and artistic indications, which are operatively selected and connected by himself. Under the effect of this unification ethos, having made an attack on transposing the concept of time into architectural realm as .Space-time,. Giedion has constructed it to characterize the architectural Modernity and at the same time, has paradoxically started to equip the meaning of his .Space-time. invention with the therapeutic ideology, which aimed to dissolve .tensions. and to eliminate all symptomatic .illnesses. of the modernization process.Within the context of the operative historian figure of architectural Modernity, the thesis reveals how Giedion has constructed the Space-time conception throughout his book Space, Time and Architecture written in 1941 and with continuous additions to the book, how he has transformed the concept both in terms of content and meaning. This dissertation presents under which traditions, conditions, motivations and mentalities Giedion has invented the Space-time concept, deciphering how the content of the concept has been transformed through deconstruction of persuasion mechanisms and narrative techniques used in order to render this invention as self-evident. Within the framework of this demystifying and deconstructing approaches, thesis examines how the idea of space constituted and framed by the psychology, physiognomy and Gestalt theories of the 19th century have been transformed into spatial experience at the beginning of the 20th century and how Giedion transposes this spatial experience into .Space-time. as the morphological, spatial, temporal and syntaxial characteristics of modern architecture.This dissertation presents how the diversified traces of time theorizations ranging from the 19th century pseudo-scientific fourth dimension theories to non-Euclidean Geometry theories, from Einstein.s General Theory of Relativity to anthropomorphic time conceptualizations in philosophy are continued by Giedion have been deciphered.Transforming the static relationship between subject-object by suggesting the mobilization of Subject and the disengagement in syntax between the parts and totality of the Object, Giedion addresses the Cubist painting as a shift in the reception of .hidden. and .unseen. fragments of the Reality and it.s .contemporaneous. Einstein.s General Theory of Relativity as the scientific footing for the temporal characteristic of the spatial experience. Elaborating the 19th century art-historical space conceptions, the principles of a-perspectival view in the new mode of visual perception theories, which include time consciousness within the spatial experiences and the fragmented totality of the mentally constructed images of modern space conception in post-cubist reception theories, this dissertation scrutinizes, the techniques of expanding the meaning of Space-time conception and the mechanisms of persuasion that convert the meaning into a metaphoric narrative and the representative instrument of Modernity in the last edition of the book Space, Time and Architecture.Consequently, it has been analyzed how the two important concepts of Space and Time have undergone changes and transformations until they have been reached to Giedion, and how he has adopted this intellectual heritage and transformed it into .Space-time. that amounts to the modern space conception of the 20th century. Key Words: Space-time; Sigfried Giedion; Space, Time and Architecture;Architectural Historian; Historiography of Modern Architecture.
A critical view of sustainable architecture in Turkey: a proposal for the municipality of Seyrek
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Durmuş Arsan, Zeynep; Erkarslan, Özlem
This dissertation aims at developing a sustainable design process prioritizing locality in social, cultural, ecological, political, economic, technological, legalistic,and architectural terms. To this end, it aims first of all at developing an approach for elimination of misconceptions.primarily informed by technological, morphological and numerical indicators.about what constitutes the concept of sustainability in architectural practice today and therefore starts out from a critical historical overview of approaches and practices for sustainability in the world and in Turkey. The thesis undertakes the critique of sterile projects in sterile environments and calibrates the replicable and exemplary aspects of international and national sustainable design practices so as to introduce, promote and guide realistic, practicable, and case-specific sustainable architectural solutions. The specific focus in both the critical evaluation of extant sustainable practices abroad and the proposed process for the municipality of Seyrek in Menemen, Izmir, Turkey, is the distinction between the assets and needs of industrialized northern geographies and southern geographies which are in the process of industrialization and which are frequently misguided by economic exigencies imposed by the industrialized north. As a village located in an Important Bird Area, in the vicinity of a Ramsar Site and on the edge of a First-Degree Natural Conservation Area, the case area in question provides a trenchant example for the study of the meaning of sustainability in a southern socio-politico-economic zone and a challenge for the architectural designer. Seyrek is a mirror of global as well as local problems today. It is located in the middle of Gediz Delta, the large agricultural land as well, and on the edge of several specialized industrial districts of the urban sprawl of Izmir.Placing the analysis of the case area in the context of the wider framework of international policy, the thesis proceeds to propose specific design tools for a sustainable housing development project in a crucial typical new residential segment of the semi-rural settlement of Seyrek.
An evaluation of conceptual transpareny in architecture of office buildings in Turkey after 1980
(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Asımgil, Bedriye; Eyüce, Özen
It has been known that today.s transparent building modelling and constructions have been inadequate to expression the transparent building characters in Turkey to date that overwhelmingly those office buildings. The major reason is probably that the lack of conceptual parameters that could be the real factor in the explanation of .transparency.. It has not been efficiently considered in the modelling process.The evaluation of transparency that is constructed by variable transmission glasses in Turkey and the capacity of design criteria of transparent walls are the main aim of this study. These evaluations and interpretations can be used as references for determining the design criteria and applying of transparent architecture and scientific researches. By this study, the selected office buildings are classified according to the last term applications of transparent architecture. The classified office buildings are been evaluated according to the questionnaire study. As a result, the building.s transparency depends on whether it is sufficient or insufficient. Architects. point of view to transparency will be help to building.s classification and evaluation. There is post-modern basis for these classifications.This thesis study as a normative one offers basically a methodological approach that can be integrated to the normal models: The application of conceptual modelling process for the office building is necessary for determination of transparent design policy.In the first part of this study, the aim, context and development of the thesis are explained. The second part of this study consists of etymological, historical and conceptual studies.In the third part of this study, conceptual modelling for transparency in West is explained and determined in a systematic manner. Eric Gans's and Raoul Eshelman's approaches on transparency concept is the basis for perceptual modelling. In the fourth part of this study, the architectural conditions are determined in Turkey after 1980 from the point of transparency.s application. The evaluation criteria of transparency in Turkey have been explained and determined in development phase since 1980. The office buildings constructed after 1980 are been classified according to Post-modern trend. The relation between building surface and architectural space concerning perceptual reading is been analysed.In the fifth part of this study, case studies on office buildings by variable transmission glasses that were researched and classified in Turkey are presented. A general evaluation office building in Turkey was made after 1980. According to the questionnaire study, the answers given by the architects are directed to determine the transparency.s position in Turkey. The answers of questionnaire study are the main determinant in definition of transparency concept in Turkey.As a result of this study, though more than expected, the conceptual transparency criteria has not been observed in transparency of office buildings in Turkey after 1980. It is observed not surprisingly that transparent design formulations playing around the commercialisation are related with employer.s demands. More frequent trials with better conceptual formulations as well would have ended with better designs.
Determination of the place concept in reproduction process of built environment: Kordon, Izmir as a case study
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Yılmaz, Ebru; Ergül, Emre
This research aims to argue the transformative effect of modernist processes on the reproduction of built environment with reference to the concepts "place" and "space" Place as lived space will be questioned under the impact of the process of the reproduction of built environment. At the same time, it is related with the general rules of the process of production. Urban space, which is basically determined with power relations, is perceived through spatial codes that conduct the effect of this relation. Space as a representation of a particular discourse and idea is more than a neutral box. Clearly, it exhibits a multi-layered structure representing all types of political, economic, social and cultural discourses behind its creation. The concept of place involves firstly the spatial relations taking place in a particular geography and secondly the sense of attachment evoked as a result of these relations. Place concept cannot be thought independent of the power whose existence dictates all these relation types. In addition to that, space that continues to be produced through the practices of daily life remains to be a part of mental production, both individually and collectively. If the production of space is taken into consideration, each manipulation is also a redefinition of all elements constructing the identity of places and sense of belonging. For that reason, in order to analyze the meaning of a place, detailed reading of all layers involving the deciphering of their historical stratification is required. Reproduction of space is an entire reproduction with all its relations taking place in it. At the same time, it is the reproduction of place with all features that identifies it. Thus, today, a new viewpoint is required; because physical restructurings form a constant threat for our cities by destroying their identical spaces and physical focuses of social life, and finally by creating a crisis of memory.
Institutional use of information technologies in city planning agencies: implications from Turkish metropolitan municipalities
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Süel, Akın
This study argues the pivotal relationship between the computing technology and its organizational context. It focuses on nature of implementation in organizational settings that are becoming increasingly important. A further motivation point for this study is to reveal the different discourses (managerial/political/emotional etc.) in the cycle of implementation. The assumption behind this interest is that IT and other technologies are not value-neutral and these tools have the possibility of shaping the goals and agenda of the planning profession.As a part of methodology of the thesis, a comprehensive literature survey was completed around the theoretical issues that constitutes the framework of IT/IS adoption in organizations with a particular reference to urban planning and management. The statements and research questions were tested in the planning departments of selected metropolitan municipalities (Ankara, Izmir, and Bursa) that are experiencing information technologies and systems in various implementation stages. The research strategy was based on a variety of qualitative approaches, including two different types of closed questionnaire-based surveys and semi-structured/unstructured interviews. To measure the success/failure degree of the planning technologies used in the case study organizations in the 'user' dimension of the study, DeLone and McLean.s (1992) IS Success Model and Heeks'(1999) ITPOSMO model were used.Case study research revealed the current stands of ICT implementation in urban planning departments of local governments. It was also evaluated planning practitioner.s commitment and dependence towards computerized planning tools in working practice. In a more exploratory context, a progressive research agenda for ICT implementation in public planning agencies was developed based on the implications of empirical research and literature-based analysis.
Reducing risk in 'preservation project management': Re-definition of the 'assessment phase'
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Özkut, Deniz; Eyüce, Ahmet
The aim of this study is to redefine the pre-assessment phase as a sub-task that is 'pre-requisite' to the implementation and design phases of the preservation project, and to re-construct an effective project framework by emphasizing the role of the risks for the achievement of qualitative objectives. The main goal in constructing the scope of the project and the framework is to attain the synthesis of two different disciplines, namely management science and preservation.Cultural properties have significant 'values' such as having been preserved and transmitted to subsequent generations. Hence the cultural property keeps its originality; it is also required to provide for the preservation of all sorts of valuable architectural elements and values which are indicators of cultural characteristics and historical identity. When observed from a conceptual point of view, 'values' cause the divergences in the preservation process, which are named the pre-requisites in this dissertation.In regard to this dissertation, the preservation process differs from that of a In regard to this dissertation, the preservation process differs from that of a hand, and the legal requisites on the other. The seriously higher ratio of unexpected, unestimated, and unidentified input naturally entails indefiniteness in the preservation process. The most important parameter that shapes a preservation process appears to be 'risks' that consist of those indefinite input preventing the project from a proper definition of its context. The project components that debar scope definition in initial phases of the preservation process increase the risk margin in implementation process as well as intervention decisions and priorities.The Preservation Process is the preservation of the cultural property within an effective project system, which is aimed at attaining the total quality as a result of a synthesis of the technology, technique, and material originally deployed with those of the present. This preservation project, in addition, may be defined as a document that halts the deterioration, exterminates present structural deficiencies, and combines the study, research, evaluation, decision and implementation mechanisms needed to identify the intervention to be performed after research on and identification of the reasons for deterioration of the cultural property are completed.In order to achieve sound preservation, it is essential to obtain comprehensive, accurate, utilizable, and relevant information about the context in the pre-assessment phase, which takes place prior to the projecting phase of the preservation process.The pre-assessment phase is concerned with investigation, analysis, definition, understanding, and solution of the problems that will be the precise input of the priorities. The essential aim of pre-assessment phase is to differentiate the indefinite initial information about the risks in order to prevent the intervention priorities from causing any refractory consequences. Thus, prerequisites of the preservation project will be determinant in forming vertical correlation of project management tools.While approaches offered by the field of preservation occupy center stage in this dissertation, the project management will augment and support the main field.Management of the preservation projects will be in the end attainable for preservation of the cultural identity in a proper way by means of accurate decisions preservation of the cultural identity in a proper way by means of accurate decisions line with the preservation process has been attempted, the more the data of the preservation project will be re-organized and re-defined in order to analyze the risks by means of the utilization of the sub-tasks of Project Management. By means of redefinition of these components with respect to the preservation prerequisites, process of preservation project will be re-organized, as well as re-defined in order to reduce risks, within legal framework.The legal tools, which are the most influential in determining the main framework of the preservation process, are also influential in decision priorities and types of implementation of preservation work. It is primarily required to analyze all legal input including the laws and terms of reference upon which the process of preservation is dependent besides international laws, laws, regulations, by-laws of Higher Council for Preservation of Cultural Natural Entities, notes of the plans, and decisions of sites and groups by Preservation Councils, implementation principles and the unit price lists and material definitions. Those tools that have been classified as constituting the process that precedes the initiation of projecting process, projecting process, the process of approval, and implementation and postpostimplementation processes, have been discussed in terms of their respective impact upon preservation projects and challenges encountered.It is essential to achieve appropriate intervention decisions, priorities and methods of the preservation project with a process chart of pre-assessment phase besides the appropriate implementation depending on these decisions.There will be a main sentence in the chart as, "There may be some re-orientations in the preassessment phase whereas project management tools and preservation process are integrated in terms of defined flexibility".
An analytical study of the design potentials in kinetic architecture
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Korkmaz, Koray; Arkon, Cemal
This dissertation is concerned with the potentials of kinetic structures in architecture; what they are, what they can do for us, and how we can go about designing them. Ultimately, it aims at proving the applicability of kinematic methods in the design process of the adaptable space organizations by carrying out a personal design process of a novel kinetic structure. The course of this dissertation explores the ways in which kinematic synthesis methods contribute to the design processes of kinetic structures and adaptable spaces, which we call kinetic architecture.The idea of motion is not new. However, the concept of motion and its practical reflection appear more in end-products because of the dynamic, flexible, and constantly changing activities and developments in building technology. As a result of the rapid change in activities of modern society and developments in building technology, a need of the adaptable space emerged which was the necessary precondition for the rise of the concept of motion in architecture. This conceptual transformation may be dated to the end of the twentieth century. What marks the approach to the design of this new, late twentieth-century conception of space is 'motion', which will now play an increasingly important role both conceptually and in applications of design. Our capability of utilizing kinetics in architecture today can be extended far beyond what has previously been possible. The present dissertation describes kinematic analysis and synthesis methods used so far in mechanical engineering and explores its direct or in-direct applications into the architectural field.Arguing that the potential of kinetics in architecture remains far from fulfilled, it offers concrete direction and method for innovation. Focusing on responsive spatial adaptability and kinetic structures, it develops a foundation for the application of kinetic structures as a means of enhancing the performance of space. The motivation lies in creating adaptable spaces. There is a need for adaptable spaces and a design method for achieving this by building kinetic structures that can physically convert themselves through kinetics to adapt to the ever-changing requirements and conditions. This thesis proposes the use of kinematic methods in the design process of kinetic structures to create adaptable space organizations. In order to show the applicability of kinematic methods in the design process of the adaptable space organizations, a new type of an architectural umbrella covered by flexible material is developed for covering open-air spaces. Graphical synthesis method is used in the design process and the performance of the architectural umbrella is analyzed with Visual Nastran 4D. This is a CAD program capable of kinematic analysis.
Integrating renewable energy technologies into cities through urban planning: In the case of geothermal and wind energy
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Peker, Zeynep; Süel, Akın
Focusing mainly on renewable energy, the overall aim of this dissertation is to introduce energy and energy related environmental considerations into the context of Turkish planning and urban policies. If planning in Turkey should contribute to combat with the reality of climate change and to improve local environmental quality, renewable energy considerations are required to be incorporated into planning process. With regard to characteristics of renewable energy utilization, this study seeks to answer the questions of how planning can promote the widespread use of renewable energy sources, how renewable energy integrated planning policies can be formulated and implemented, how renewable energy integrated planning process can be put into practice, and how renewable energy technologies can successfully be integrated into cities. With the objective of defining renewable energy integrated planning process the research conducted to explore these how questions is based on the idea of learning from other's experiences. In view of that the study focuses on understanding the European perspective and learning from the experiences of the member states. While exploring how questions and converting the defined process into Turkish context the research is carried out at both national and local scale. Integrated policy approach is taken into consideration with regard to the capacity of institutional framework comprising integration between the national energy-renewable energy, environmental and planning policies. At the local scale, the research focuses on integration of renewable energy technologies into cities and the renewable energy integrated planning approach in the case of geothermal and wind energy developments and source potentials of the city of Izmir.
Transformation of meaning of architectural space in cinema: The cases of "Gattaca" and "Truman show"
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Kutucu, Seçkin; Ergül, Emre
This study aims to expose the transformation of meanings of architectural space in cinema films and the transformative impact of cinema. And in this exposition, Andrew Niccol's Gattaca (1997) and Peter Wier's "Truman Show" (1998) films have been analyzed in case study in order to uncover the meaning changes of architectural spaces that have taken place in film medium. Since the early 20th century, cinema has developed into an influential mass communication tool due to the advancements in technology. The cinematic and photographic tools have been designed basically as instruments for receiving and recording of images at the beginning but then addition to the functions of recording, they are used in the re-production of reality. In the past, architecture had been influenced from other image and visualization techniques in presentation and representation of space like pictorial perspective. And it is inevitable that it has been under the influences of cinema in the re-production and the representation of space It is essential for architects to be aware of the transformative impact and features of film medium in the representation of space. And In this dissertation the primary visions of the two disciplines on space, architectural space and cinematic space have been comparatively studied. Key words: architecture, cinema, space, representation, architectural space in films, transformation of space.
Influence of urban geometry on public investment cost of urban technical infrastructure:a case study of sewer system in Aydın, Turkey
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Gökçen, Tankut; Serim, Muharrem Erkal
The design and implementation of urban technical infrastructure investments have been largely ignored within the traditional planning processes. This process is generallyperformed, first, by producing urban development plans and only then, by developing the plan for the urban technical infrastructure. While this process runs in Turkey as described above, international practices, including those in the developed countries, does not differ all too much; However, today it is very clear that the process of developing technical plans for the infrastructure, which are subject to unique design principles and criteria and are concealed underground must be handled within the site plan developing process. For the purpose of providing sustainable urban development and efficient use of limited natural resourses, integrating infrastructure considerations into city planning process and providing interrelation between them with the aim of minimizing infrastructure costs for public sector are the main goals of the research. To achieve this goal, the study is comprised of the following sections; evaluation of current city and infrastructure planning and construction process and principles to constitute an interrelation between each other by means of comparative analysis techniques; relationship between urban macro-form and urban technical infrastructure costs with respect to urban land use decision, urban net and gross density; and critical evaluation of sustainable form of urban development .compact city form. and urban technical infrastructure relationship. Finally, as a case study, Aydın (a western mid-sized city of Turkey) development plan has been examined and compared with technical infrastructure costs by means of GIS technologies. Using this method; the new development and construction typology for cities, substantive and procedural contribution to the city planning process has been described to reduce the negative side effects of traditional development process of cities for the future. Eventually, completed comparative analysis indicate that instead of improving both planning process defectiveness, location of urban technical infrastructures in alternative spaces or distinctive urban development pattern (modified hexagonal development pattern) has significant contribution on minimizing public investment cost and achieving sustainable urban development as well.
An evaluation of interventions in architectural conservation:new exterior additions to historic buildings
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Yüceer, Hülya; İpekoğlu, Başak
Due to the physical, functional and/or economic reasons, historical buildings require interventions while adapting them to the contemporary conditions. Although, national laws based on the international charters and congresses signed also by Turkey have determined the frame of these interventions, the approach of the architect is still one of the basic criteria directing the state of a building after restoration. Thus, together with the interpretation of architect the type of intervention varies.As needed today, interventions, a subject for one of the discussions in conservation, were applied by the past cultures when the consolidation, change in functions and enlargement of spaces was required for the important architectural property belonging to their own culture. Most of these historical buildings, which have to be protected according to the contemporary conditions, contain interventions due to restorations in several periods. These interventions are defined as the qualities to be evaluated and to be protected in the conservation process of the historic building. Thus, the contemporary intervention will also be respected as one of the qualities belonging to one of the periods of the building in later restorations. As the scope of interventions may vary from simple repair to reconstruction, it is necessary to limit the subject. In this study, new exterior additions to historic buildings are focused as major interventions to the historic buildings. What is aimed in this study is to determine the consistency of architectural expression in the preservation of original qualities, before and after interventions according to the principles of conservation. The aim is not to direct the architect for the type of intervention, but to derive the criteria which will form a base in his approach for the conservation of the historic building, through the evaluation of example buildings from İzmir. It is also expected that the evaluation of the examples in İzmir as subjects for several discussions held in the media, will offer a different attitude for these discussions.
Using machine learning techniques for early cost prediction of structural systems of buildings
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Doğan, Sevgi Zeynep; Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat
It is desirable to predict construction costs in the early design stages in order tomake sure that target costs are met and competitive prices are realized. This study investigates the possibility of predicting the cost of construction early in the design phase by using machine learning (ML) techniques. To achieve this objective, artificialneural network (ANN) and case based reasoning (CBR) prediction models were developed in a spreadsheet-based format. An investigation of the impacts of weight generation methods on the ANN and CBR models was conducted. The performance of the ANN model was enhanced by experimenting with the weight generation methods of simplex optimization, back propagation training, and genetic algorithms while the CBR model was augmented by feature counting, gradient descent, genetic algorithms (GA), decision tree methods of binary-dtree, info-top and info-dtree.Cost data belonging to the superstructure of low-rise residential buildings were used to test these models. It was found that both approaches were capable of providing high prediction accuracy, 96% for ANN using simplex optimization for weight determination, and 84% for CBR using GA for attribute weight selection. A comparison of the Excel-based ANN and CBR models was made in terms of prediction accuracy, preprocessing effort, explanatory value, improvement potentials and ease of use. The study demonstrated the practicality of using spreadsheets in developing ANN and CBR models for use in construction management as well as the potential benefits of enhancing ANN and CBR models by using different weight generation methods.
A critial evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process-judicial oversight: The Balçova and Narlıdere cases
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Şenol, Pervin; Arkon, Cemal
This thesis aims at scrutinizing what is meant by the concept of justice and the ways the concept is being referred to in urban planning practice in Turkey. Aimed as such, the due analysis involves examination of how the concept is taken into consideration and defined by different actors taking part in urban planning process of our country. The basic data underlying the considerations based on not only the conceptual discussions, but also the planning practice will comprise different demands concerning the urban space and the cases of lawsuit under control of adjudication as reflections of these demands upon the process of planning. The questions to which this study based on .justice. in the urban system and the planning discipline are to be answered can be listed as follows: Which concepts, which ideals, which discourses and methods are used during the process of distribution mechanism in the economic realm, law system and judicial process? How are the basic concepts of justice, namely equality, interest, right and liberty used in defining and encountering the urban social needs in these processes? Do the achieved results involve any targeted ends that can be called as just? In order to elucidate the understanding and demands of justice, conceptual information pertaining to the concept of justice is required. For this reason, study focuses on theories of justice and elaborates the fundamental points of concepts, theories and their reflection on the state regulations. Regarding an assessment of the Turkish practice, overall assessments are held as based on cases of lawsuit under control of adjudication. The cases of lawsuit are assumed to represent matters of conflict/dispute and spatial demands of actors regarding the urban space. Accepted as such, the spatial disputes will be elaborated on basis of the matters of case study area in emphasis.
Instrumentalisation of natural science for the reconstruction of architectural konowledge: Lissitzky, Doesburg, Meyer, Teige
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2006) İnceköse, Ülkü; Çıkış, Şeniz
The main idea aimed in this dissertation is to analyze the instrumentalisation process of natural scientific knowledge in a struggle for reconstructing architectural knowledge, between 1914 and 1945. This investigation has been made in the scale of the spreading of this effort in Middle and Eastern Europe in general and has been detailed over the most radical form observed in the left-wing architectural discourses.Architecture lost its self-legitimate, unitary structure of knowledge it owned pre-modern period, in the modernization process. In this situation, for reconstructing this unitary structure, architectural theorists oriented towards different fields of knowledge, considering their knowledge more reliable than own. With this struggle, some architectural discourses sustain the old, some presented synthesis proposals, from the end of nineteenth century, some were in the assertion of entirely transforming the architectural knowledge. This struggle gained a new dimension by means of the revolutionary social context formed after the First World War. Especially, in left-wing avant-garde discourses, assigning .a new beginning,. .a new architecture. which can reconstruct a new world was aimed. These discourses have oriented natural scientific knowledge to justify/legitimize their statements and have established a problematic relationship with it.Consequently, this dissertation explains the mechanisms through which architecture implants natural scientific knowledge into its own studies, and presents the transformation that adapted knowledge undergoes. In this way, the problematic relationship between the knowledge of architecture and natural sciences as a result of instrumentalisation is analyzed. This analysis focuses on the discourses of four architectural theorists: Lissitzky, Doesburg, Teige, Meyer.

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