Doktora Tezleri

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Advertising media and housing production: Gated communities of İstanbul in the post-2000s
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Kan Ülkü, Gözde; Erten, Erdem
In this dissertation I investigate how the marketing strategies of the developing consumer society has infiltrated the marketing of high end housing in Istanbul as a corollary development of globalization. I aim to analyze marketing strategies as active agents that shape the design of these newly emerging housing developments based on the theme of .an ideal life style. through advertising media in the form of TV commercials, newspaper ads, publicity brochures etc.This study also focuses on the representation and dissemination of this elusive .ideal. to the public via the advertising campaigns of these housing settlements. Therefore the cases that the study is based on concentrates on the Turkish architectural scene after 1990 when consumer culture.s most significant impacts on architectural products are observed. The study observes that the marketing of this new type of suburbanization in Turkey is concomitant with the rise of a new middle class that has a high purchasing power. Therefore I analyse the life style characteristics of architectural projects that provide for this class, according to Bourdieu.s conceptualization of life styles, and aim to uncover how this conceptualization reflects on the marketing of high-end housing.In this regard, the concept of .distinction. will be used as key theoretical tool to analyse the qualities of environments proposed in the selected cases. The relation between the advertising strategies of a .distinct life style. and its legitimization process which directly affect the .fabrication. of these specialized housing settlements will remain at the core of my thesis problem.
Against style: Re-reading "new architecture" in early republican period in Turkey (1931-1940)
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Dündar, Bilgen; Yücel, Şebnem
This dissertation is intended as a contribution to the understanding of modernization in the early Republican period (ERP) architecture, namely including the neglected attitudes. It criticizes the stylistic periodizations such as "National Style" and "International Style" and rigid classifications such as classifications of Sedad Hakkı Eldem only as the forerunner of national architecture and Seyfi Arkan only as the forerunner of the international architecture in Turkey. This study aims to transcend these reified categories by presenting the varieties and contradictory approaches that existed in architectural theory and practice. This dissertation aims to develop a new reading of the ERP architecture by questioning the categories that were constructed by the first generation of architectural historians who produced their texts between 1973 and 1983. The main aim of this dissertation is to show simultaneous existence of different modernities in the ERP architecture. By revealing different understandings of new architecture in architectural theory, architectural pedagogy and architectural practice, this dissertation focuses on the heterogeneity of the architectural milieu. The first generation of architectural historians constructed the ERP architecture with Euro-centric set of theories, and with conventions such as categorizations and stylistic periodizations. They also read that periodʼs architecture within the frame of the nation-building process. In their texts, the architecture followed a linear and progressive modernization process, paralleling the nation-building process. By tracing the different understandings of modern architecture in architectural theory and tracing different tendencies of architects in architectural practice, this dissertation aims to question not only the categorizations and stylistic periodizations, but also this linear and progressive modernization ideal.
An agent based model for exploring the effects of overconfidence on the winner's curse in construction projects
(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022-12) Aldemir, Bora; Kale, Serdar
As a result of errors in cost estimation, the winning companies in competitive environments such as bids, auctions, etc. fail to achieve the anticipated profit or even incur losses. This phenomenon is labelled as the “winner’s curse.” Diverse causes led to the occurrence of this circumstance. Until recently, technical errors were thought to cause most construction estimation errors. Behavioral economics has shown that certain biases in individual decision-making can also contribute to these undesirable situations. Overconfidence is common. This illusion is when a person thinks they are better at making decisions than they really are. The agent-based modeling method was used to examine this bias. This method investigates the system pattern created by heterogeneous individuals with independent macro-level behavior. In this study, individuals can be considered as construction companies. The prevalent pattern in the sector is the phenomenon of the winner's curse. However, focusing solely on the overconfidence effect may not yield meaningful results. Risk aversion is regarded as a protective behavior against the negative effects of the overconfidence. There may also be a correlation between the number of bidders and the winner's curse. This study demonstrates that the phenomenon of the winner's curse exists in all dimensions of the overconfidence effect. When the number of bidders is small, overconfidence behavior has little impact on the winner's curse, but when the number of bidders is medium or large, the winner's curse increases slightly as the overconfidence effect decreases. Risk aversion does not provide any protection against the winner's curse phenomenon.
Altmann linkage networks and light-shelf application with a single linkage
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022-07) Atarer, Fulya; Korkmaz, Koray
Today's understanding of architecture has revealed the need for structures that allow geometric form changes due to spatial and functional requirements. For this purpose, deployable structures have taken their place in architecture. These structures provide flexibility and multiple uses. While scissor mechanisms and bar mechanisms have been observed in architectural applications in deployable structures, over-constrained linkages have been used especially in recent studies of deployable structures. Over-constrained linkages make deployable structures more stable to loading. In this dissertation, the possibilities of systematically designing the single degree of freedom (DoF) networks using a kind of spatial overconstrained linkage called Altmann linkage as a basic module. The literature is investigated deeply that the conducted studies on network assemblies have been on different over-constrained linkages as a basic module, such as Sarrus, Bennett, and Bricard. There are few studies related to the Altmann linkage. None of these studies are in-depth studies to design a network based on the Altmann linkage. Also, an architectural application of the Altmann linkage has not been studied yet. This dissertation represents three main subjects: understanding the geometric properties of an Altmann linkage, designing one degree of freedom networks of Altmann linkage, and designing and analyzing an Altmann light shelf. Firstly, the geometry of the unit linkage is parameterized and its position kinematics is solved. Then, ten different single DoF Altmann networks are designed. By choosing one of the ten different networks designed, the network with folded and vault configurations is developed through assembly mode change. Afterward, light shelves are designed in Solidworks. Then, square and rectangular designs are compared in terms of their angles with the building and the west. Finally, daylight performance analyzes are made in the Relux software.
An analiytical approach to semi-private and semi-public spaces within the context of urban housing pattern
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Özgen, Elif Yeşim; Eyüce, Özen
This study aims at understanding the changing public private relations in housing environments designed and produced after 80.s as a consequence of redefined context of 20th century life style and housing models. The study also aims to examine and display the transactions of the modernization processes in Turkey. Especially the mass housing settlements, in İzmir are chosen as study areas. The study evaluates the quantitative and qualitative properties of the settlement areas in which masss produced housing units are used repeatedly and monotonously.The .garden city. and .satellite city., which are accepted as the 20th century modern settlement models are surveyed, and their spatial transformations are analyzed. In this framework, the reflections of urban spatial transformation in Europe and Turkey are evaluated whitin the context of city of Izmir. Especially, the presence of semi-private areas, which hold the opportunity, and the spatial potentials of socialization such as gathering, collecting, intersecting, confronting, are surveyed within five different mass housing site examples in Izmir. From the .private space., which is the basic .housing unit. to . public space., levels of the spatial hierarcy, (which is the subject of social psychology), meant to be put forward. The transition spaces, which are semi- private and semi-public, are argued as to whether they constitute criteria in contemporary design applications. Such a concern is evaluated by comparative analysis. The study suggests to create a qualitative contribution for futher designs of quantitatively designed mass housing environments.Key words: modern settlement models, housing spatial transformation, housing pattern/hiyerarchy (public, semi-public, semi-private and public spaces), privacy concept in housing, spatial quality.
Analysis of walkability measurement tools (WMTs)
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019-06) Paykoç, Eda; Akış, Tonguç
Walking is the most basic act of human which makes all equal and liberates them in the built environment. For defining how walking friendly the area is, walkability is an issue started to be discussed from its several different aspects. Although walkability is studied from several different disciplines, it has neither accurate definition nor definite criteria.Starting from 1990s, walkability has started to be measured with hard-copy walkability measurement tools (WMTs) and followed by web-based walkability measurement tools. In the literature, WMTs are generally used as a tool to measure the walkability level of the selected case. However, there are few studies which tries to understand and examine the background process of these WMTs.The aim of this thesis is to categorize and define the background idea of walkability measurement tools by criticizing their keystones and their main ideas. The mapping, clustering, tabling and analyzing processes are the main devices to develop critical analysis. In tabulation, two specific charts are composed: Comprehensive Data Chart and Content Analysis Chart. Under Comprehensive Data Chart, properties of WMT are defined and categorized. In Content Analysis Chart, each tool’s content of WMTs are compared and criticized. Finally, the thesis developed a critical analysis for defining, comparing and understanding each and every single WMT.
An analytical study of the design potentials in kinetic architecture
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Korkmaz, Koray; Arkon, Cemal
This dissertation is concerned with the potentials of kinetic structures in architecture; what they are, what they can do for us, and how we can go about designing them. Ultimately, it aims at proving the applicability of kinematic methods in the design process of the adaptable space organizations by carrying out a personal design process of a novel kinetic structure. The course of this dissertation explores the ways in which kinematic synthesis methods contribute to the design processes of kinetic structures and adaptable spaces, which we call kinetic architecture.The idea of motion is not new. However, the concept of motion and its practical reflection appear more in end-products because of the dynamic, flexible, and constantly changing activities and developments in building technology. As a result of the rapid change in activities of modern society and developments in building technology, a need of the adaptable space emerged which was the necessary precondition for the rise of the concept of motion in architecture. This conceptual transformation may be dated to the end of the twentieth century. What marks the approach to the design of this new, late twentieth-century conception of space is 'motion', which will now play an increasingly important role both conceptually and in applications of design. Our capability of utilizing kinetics in architecture today can be extended far beyond what has previously been possible. The present dissertation describes kinematic analysis and synthesis methods used so far in mechanical engineering and explores its direct or in-direct applications into the architectural field.Arguing that the potential of kinetics in architecture remains far from fulfilled, it offers concrete direction and method for innovation. Focusing on responsive spatial adaptability and kinetic structures, it develops a foundation for the application of kinetic structures as a means of enhancing the performance of space. The motivation lies in creating adaptable spaces. There is a need for adaptable spaces and a design method for achieving this by building kinetic structures that can physically convert themselves through kinetics to adapt to the ever-changing requirements and conditions. This thesis proposes the use of kinematic methods in the design process of kinetic structures to create adaptable space organizations. In order to show the applicability of kinematic methods in the design process of the adaptable space organizations, a new type of an architectural umbrella covered by flexible material is developed for covering open-air spaces. Graphical synthesis method is used in the design process and the performance of the architectural umbrella is analyzed with Visual Nastran 4D. This is a CAD program capable of kinematic analysis.
Architectural characteristics and construction techniques of domes in a group of Ottoman baths
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Reyhan, Kader; İpekoğlu, Başak
In Ottoman bath architecture, domes adjoined in varied numbers and sizes are structural element ensuring dynamic superstructure adjustment exterior and fascinating spatial features involving the interior lighting elements. The examination of cause-effect relationship in the original architectural and constructional characteristics of domes, the main elements of dynamic superstructure adjustment, is significant in terms of pointing out the retention features of construction details. In addition, informed knowledge for the purpose of contributing to conservation works of the baths is necessary to focus on in this dissertation. The aim of the dissertation is to identify the original morphological characteristics, construction techniques and use of materials and to investigate the relationship between architectural and constructional characteristics that involve span, height, thickness, bond types, the number and rows of oculi, the type of transition elements and the height of transition element and the exterior supporting elements of the dome. In this context, the domes of the studied baths were examined in term of construction techniques in superstructure integrality with their supporting elements. In this content; the original morphological characteristics, construction techniques and the use of materials on the Ottoman domes with their supporting elements, transition elements and frame of the domes from outside were examined by the use of conventional method through field survey and were studied in the framework of cause-effect relationships. In addition, statistical analysis methods were used and evaluated in order to examine the relationships between architectural and constructional characteristics of domes. This dissertation is significant in terms of contributing to cover a lack of knowledge in construction systems of domes and transition elements of the public baths for the purpose of constitution of systematic knowledge in leading protection and conservation decisions.
Architectural design characteristics of protective structures at archaeological sites and their impact on conservation of remains
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2013-07) Yaka Çetin, Necmiye Funda; İpekoğlu, Başak
Protective structures are built to provide long term protection for the immovable cultural heritage against the possible damage that may arise from environmental conditions such as rain, wind and sun as well as the activities of the living like vegetation and uninvited animals. Most of the protective structures have been found to be inadequate to fulfill this purpose and conservation problems were observed on the remains under those structures. The inadequacies are mostly related to the architectural design of the protective structures. The aim of this study is to identify the architectural characteristics which have an impact on protective efficiency and how they are related to the deterioration factors. With this scope, sixteen protective structures that were selected from Turkey and abroad were analyzed through site surveys and literature studies. In order to identify and assess the role of protective structures on creating deterioration factors, this study groups the design characteristics under typology, structural system, roof system, roof material, façade system, façade material, thermal control system and drainage system and the deterioration factors under sources of water, instability of microclimate and the activities of the living. The relationship between these groups were analyzed and evaluated. As a result, the type of the protective structure as a shelter or an enclosure, selection of the design elements such as roof and façade systems as well as the materials, proper application of thermal control systems and drainage systems are the main characteristics of the design that determine the efficiency of the protective structures. The study will make important contributions to the theoretical and practical aspects of the design process of protective structures.
Architectural memorialisation of war: ars memoriae and landscape of Gallipoli Battles
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2008) Yılmaz, Ahenk; Yücel, Şebnem
This dissertation examines the change in the understanding of memorial architecture through an analysis of different attitudes to commemorate Dardanelles Campaign in the boundaries of Gallipoli Peninsula National and Historical (Peace) Park. Memorialisation process at the Peninsula, which has continued from the end of the war onwards (1916), has undergone a transformation from traditional to counter approaches pivoted on the Gallipoli Peace Park International Ideas and Design Competition. Parallel to the changes in memorial architecture in the world, the approach of erecting a conventional dominant monument to exalt suffering and to glorify death has superseded by the approach of highlighting the war remains and the memory of battlefields to protest the warfare. In this process, not only the function and the form of memorials but also remembering proposed to individuals by memorialisation have changed. This dissertation questions the pre-suppositions of traditional and counter memorial architecture with a new method of analysis. This method is derived from classical memorising technique of ars memoriae (the art of memory). By means of this method, this dissertation analyses war memorials in the battlefields of Gallipoli aiming at revealing similarities and disparities among different memorialisation approaches.Keywords: memory, collective remembering, war memorial, counter-monument, art of memory (ars memoriae), Dardanelles Campaign, Gallipoli Peninsula.
Assessment model for communication maturity levels of construction companies
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2014-11) Bavunoğlu, Zeynep; Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat
Communication management systems are vital parts of organizational development and performance. Organizations have complex characteristics including decision making, information aggregation, management control, career concerns, goal setting and vertical and horizontal communication. In recent years, it has been found out that communication has an important effect on all these characteristics. But quantifying the effectiveness of the communication is difficult because it has many non-measurable variables. An effective communication can increase the level of effectiveness of the organization and the level of the effectiveness of communication system can be assessed by using maturity models. A maturity model describes the activities of processes and it impacts the performance of the organization. To find out the structure and maturity level of the communication system in a construction company, the Communication Capability Maturity Model (CCMM) is developed and its levels for communication maturity. To define a maturity level for a construction company, some variables of communication are measured as speed, the purpose, spread, clarity, shortness, scope and the other variables. The developed methodology uses a questionnaire survey. Survey has two parts; (1) organizational communication system and (2) emotions/moods of the employees. The results and analysis show that developed CCMM working properly and there are strong interdependencies between the variables (i.e. organizational communication system and moods, information, organization, team, individual and product). There is a negative moderate high correlation between communication capability maturity level (CCML) and negative moods. There is a moderate high correlation between the communication capability maturity level and level of emotional management behavior.
Categorization of manual lighting control behavior patterns based on interior layout in offices
(İzmir Institute of Technology, 2016-06) Cılasun Kunduracı, Arzu; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe
To reduce energy consumption due to lighting, variety of methods such as energy efficient products, daylight and lighting control systems, simulation softwares are being used. However, these methods may fall short of their potential if the end user, occupants, are not taken into consideration. Energy consumption due to lighting can be reduced further by understanding building occupants’ needs and behaviors. In this study, to understand user behavior for lighting, manual lighting control of occupants were examined. This examination compromises physical, temporal and architectural factors which affect manual lighting control behavior. Especially the focus was on interior layout to observe the relation between the architectural parameters and manual lighting control behavior. The goal of the research and experiments of this dissertation was to obtain realistic manual lighting control data in offices. First of all, various parameters including physical, visual, occupancy and architectural were observed and statistically analyzed by the conducted questionnaire, to find the most triggering/inhibiting factors for manual lighting control. Secondly three private offices were equipped to monitor the change in manual lighting control behavior with regards to occupancy, daylight penetration and interior layout. Results used to generate from the fuzzy model which offers more detailed classifications on manual lighting control probabilities. Gathered results showed that interior layout has a significant contribution to manual lighting control. As a result, if architects/lighting designers/researchers utilize the provided classifications of the tested parameters on the future studies, they can reduce energy consumption while increasing user satisfaction.
Characteristics of Roman mortars produced from natural and artificial pozzolans in Aigai and Nysa
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2012-07) Uğurlu Sağın, Elif; Böke, Hasan
The use of lime and natural and artificial pozzolans for mortar production were the important contributions of the Romans to the construction history. In this study, characteristics of Roman lime mortars produced by natural and artificial pozzolans from ancient cities of Aigai and Nysa have been determined in order to understand technology of Roman period lime mortars used in Anatolia. Within this scope, basic physical properties, raw material compositions, microstructural and hydraulic properties, mineralogical and chemical compositions of mortars were investigated by SEM-EDS, XRD, XRF, TGA, FTIR and LIBS analysis. A relatively fast and easy method was proposed for the quantitative determination of CaCO3 and SiO2 content in the binder compositions by using FTIR, LIBS, SEM-EDS and XRD analyses. The results indicated that Roman lime mortars either produced by natural or artificial pozzolans were low dense and high porous materials with a high percent of macro pores. Roman lime mortars were mainly produced by using non-hydraulic high calcium lime and pozzolanic aggregates. Lime/aggregate ratios of mortars produced by natural pozzolans were 0.30, and mortars produced by artificial pozzolans were 0.55 respectively. Natural and artificial pozzolans from Aigai and Nysa were found to be produced by using different raw material sources. The method proposed for the quantitative determination of CaCO3 and SiO2 revealed that FTIR, SEM-EDS and LIBS analysis could be safely used to determine the lime and fine silica content in the binders of historic lime mortars. Characteristics of lime mortars used in Anatolia were determined to be similar to the mortars used in Central Roman Empire although wall construction techniques of Anatolian architecture were different from the Central Roman Empire. The knowledge produced on the Roman lime mortar characteristics of Anatolian architecture is important for the conservation of ancient sites in Anatolia and the production of new lime mortars to be used in these sites.
Children's perceptions of their urban outdoor experiences: The case of Izmir
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019-07) Dikmen Güleryüz, Oylum; Doğan, Fehmi; Kasalı, Altuğ
Research in children’s outdoor experiences is a rapidly growing field of investigation together with the increasing interest in the problems associated with rapid urbanization. Although there are studies that document positive and negative consequences of the built environment on children, children’s use of urban environments need to be investigated further in cities with fast urbanization rate where children are at a disadvantage especially given the fact that technology. The aim of this thesis is to understand through the eyes of children the intercorrelated relationship between physical characters of urban environments and the way outdoor environments are used. Therefore, a multi-site field study is conducted in five different urban zones with different physical and demographical characteristics (central, gated community, squatter settlement, mass housing and point-block settlement) in İzmir, Turkey which has high rates of urbanization and population growth. The study follows a mixed-method approach. The participants included 370 fourth grade primary school children and 258 parents. Even though the living environments selected for this dissertation vary in terms of physical qualities and demographic characteristics, 77% of children reported to prefer spend their free time outdoors. However, the study provides evidence to link children’s preferences regarding place and duration of use, and the way they use outdoor environments vary among the urban zones studied. The findings of the dissertation is linked to the growing literature on the subject with the aim to contribute to the improvement of children’s environments in cities, and the related policy-making efforts worldwide.
Climatic considerations in traditional built environments: The efect of natural ventilation on thermal comfort in Alac¸atı, I·zmir, Turkey
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Terim, Belgin; Böke, Hasan; Doğan, Fehmi
The traditional settlements in Turkey are under a growing danger of either destruction and despair or tourism. The urban tissue of historical settlement areas is attractive for touristic activities and vacation programs, but in many of these settlements the tissue is mostly ruined. The main reason of this deformation is the lately defined conservation regulations. The buildings of the old settlements are ruined or fixed with unhealthy methods and the infill or new settlement areas cannot integrate morphologically with the old heritage. The conservation of the buildings in the historical settlements is expensive, so especially in historical settlements close to tourist attraction centers such as şirince and Alaçatı in the Aegean Region, the construction of new buildings to answer the need for new residential building stock increases. The problem in the design of these new dwellings constructed in the empty parcels within the settlement or in the boarders of the settlement is that they do not follow the design principles of the traditional settlements and when they seem to follow the design principles they do that only at the level of image. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the physical conditions of the old traditional settlement examples, and to compare these data to find out new design criteria for the design of climatically responsive new buildings in these specific areas. To invent a method to evaluate the air pressure change between the open, semiopen, and closed spaces of traditional Turkish houses will be the main goal of this study. The point where this study outstands from the other similar studies is the observation of different housing typology, which needs to be studied with the airflow factor under temperate-hot climate conditions. The houses of Anatolian settlements are mainly not mid-courtyard houses and the semi-open spaces are the most important part of these houses, so the observation of natural ventilation behavior is different from other studies working with different climate areas. Alaçatı, Izmir, TURKEY is chosen as the case study area for this study, because it is one of the fastest growing urban sites in the Aegean Region of Anatolia.
Cognitive strategies of analogical transfer in design: Differences between expert and novice designers
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011-12) Hafızoğu Özkan, Özgü; Doğan, Fehmi
Analogy is an essential tool of human cognition that enables connecting two systems with casual relations. Previous research in analogy has focused primarily on role of analogy in creative domains. In literature there is lack in understanding the different levels of expertise and the remoteness of source and target domains; how these parameters impact the nature of analogies and stages of analogical transfer in a more holistic view. Thus we aimed to understand analogy mechanism to develop design education for achieving creative solutions transferring interdisciplinary knowledge effectively in the light of cognitive differences of novice and expert designers. An experimental study is conducted to understand the mechanism of analogy in design. 40 source domains were manipulated in four categories; (1) bus stop, (2) architecture, (3) artifacts, (4) nature. 373 students and 22 expert designers attended to the experiment. The experiment focused on first; the selecting one of the source domain groups and an example from this group, and second; designing a bus stop by analogical reasoning. In this research first we analyzed the relation between expertise levels and distance of source domains. Second, we analyzed the relation between expertise levels and the level of similarity. Third, we analyzed overall relations of these parameters; how local, regional, remote and long-distant analogies influence the level of similarity. Finally, how expert vs. novice retrieval of source domain affected the creative analogy process in design. Findings lead us to understand relation between expertise, the acquisition of knowledge and creative thought. Results showed that expert designers generally selected local domain which is the less potential source domain for creativity, and novice designers generally selected long-distant domain which is the most potential source domains for creativity. However, in design process analogy and literal similarity increased parallel to the expertise levels contrary to anomaly and mere appearance similarity. Education develops the ability of analogical reasoning. However it conditioned the designers in the selection of source domains.
A comparative study on the works of German expatriate architects in their home-land and in Turkey during the period of 1927-1950
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2007) Pöğün Zander, Yüksel; Erkarslan, Özlem
This thesis studies the professional activities of the German architects in the first half of the 20th Century who have worked as expatriate architects in the newly founded Turkish Republic before and after their arrival in Turkey. The aim of the thesis is to elucidate the effects and interactions of environmental and personal factors which impacted the architectural approaches of the German architects in the Turkish context. Due to the extensive emigration movement from Germany caused by the National Socialist Government after 1933, Mid-European Modern Architecture has detached from its original context and spread throughout the world. The relocation of experienced architects to a new geographical setting, in this case the newly founded Turkish Republic, has provided means for novel experiences and applications. How these architects diversified and progressed under the prevailing multidimensional conditions have been discussed in the light of the unique opportunities and restrictions specific to the Turkish context. The first chapter of the thesis is introductory; the second chapter depicts the architectural milieu in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century and the activities of the German architects who have later come to Turkey. The third and fourth chapters investigate the professional careers of the German architects with emphasis given to the evolution observed in their architectural approaches specifically in the reformist attitudes they introduced to education, and in their architectural designs for the Turkish context. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. Keywords: Exile German Architects, Architecture in Turkey in the Early Republican Period, Bruno Taut, Paul Bonatz, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Hans Poelzig, Wilhelm Schütte, Martin Elsaesser, Robert Vorhölzer
Comparison of architectural design parameters in traditional buildings in terms of energy performance for future housing design
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020-01) Çoşkun Öner, Özden; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe
Architectural studies re-orient through traditional architecture because of the energy crisis. The purpose of this study is to examine the architectural design parameters of traditional dwellings in terms of energy efficiency for future housing design in a hot humid climate. The case of this study is the 19th Century İzmir Houses. Two base case buildings with two and single-story were determined. Onsite measurements were taken from these buildings to identify the building material properties and to understand their thermal behavior. They were modeled and simulated with the DesignBuilder energy simulation program. The calibration and validation processes were conducted on these models. Two and single-story 114 types of İzmir Houses were modeled using the base drawings of the actual examples of these types and the validated material properties of the base case buildings in two different settlements where they are most frequently seen. The energy consumptions of these models were simulated. The statistical analyses were applied to examine the relationship between the source energy consumption per square meter and the design parameters of İzmir Houses. The design parameters such as the location of the hall, plan type, the existence of the basement, window to wall ratio, wall to floor ratio, window to floor ratio, total building area, wall to volume ratio, settlement pattern were found effective on the building energy performance. The least energy-consuming two-story İzmir houses type has a basement and side hall plan while the single-story house has a basement and central hall plan.
Computer representation of building codes for automated compliance checking
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2014-11) Macit, Sibel; Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat
This dissertation constitutes a study in the field of automated compliance checking, with a concentration on building code representations. Development of compliance checking systems has been an area of research that aims to provide computational support for accurate compliance checking of building projects against applicable building codes in a time and cost effective way. Systems for compliance checking of building projects require appropriate representations for building codes. Building codes are complex documents written in natural languages, and the development of computable representations is challenging. This dissertation proposes and demonstrates a new representation model and an accompanying modeling methodology for representing building codes in computable form that can be utilized in the development of automated compliance checking systems. The model adopts the four level representation paradigm as a theoretical base and uses the semantic modeling approach for developing the building code representation. The model breaks down the representation into four levels which allows separate modeling of domain concepts, individual rule statements, relationships between rules, and the organization of the building code. The dissertation shows that decomposing a building code into four levels and modeling rules based on the semantic-oriented paradigm is an effective modeling strategy for representing building codes in a computable form that is independent of automated compliance checking systems. The applicability of the model has been evaluated through a case study. The case study successfully illustrates the modeling of building codes that constitute parts of İzmir Municipality Housing and Zoning Code, as well as a prototype implementation of an automated checking system utilizing this building code representation.
Conservation approaches of patina formation on marble and travertine surfaces in the archaeological sites
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017-07) Badur, Fulya; Böke, Hasan; Yalçın, Şerife Hanım
Patina, which is formed on the stone surfaces of historical buildings and monuments as a result of aging, is considered as a value of the building in the conservation of cultural heritage studies. It should be conserved on calcareous stone surfaces whether or not it represents protective characteristics, since it provides information about previous times. Within this respect, the determination of mineralogical composition, and microstructural and chemical characteristics of patina are critical for the conservation decisions. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of yellow patina formation on marble and yellow travertine surfaces to constitute a conservation approach in the archaeological sites. In this study, XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, LIBS and TGA were used to determine the characteristics of yellow patina formation on marble and yellow travertine surfaces in Aizanoi, Aphrodisias, Sardes and Hierapolis. Analysis results indicated that yellow patina is mainly composed of calcium oxalate (whewellite or weddelite) minerals. CaO, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, SO3, FeO and Na2O were observed on the chemical analyses of the same samples. The results of LIBS and SEM-EDX showed that Ca increases, and other elements decrease from surface to the sound inner parts of the stone due to calcium oxalate and gypsum precipitation and clay deposition on the surfaces. The calcium oxalate patina forms a homogeneous film layer on calcite crystals. It is most likely formed by the reaction of calcite and oxalic acid produced by the biological formations on stone surfaces. It is colorless in original. The yellow color may be related with the FeO and clay deposition on the stone surfaces. The outcomes of the study proved the presence of a protective yellow patina formation on yellow travertine surfaces against the weathering effects of water which cannot be distinguished by naked eye. This patina presents same characteristics with the yellow patina on marble surfaces which should be conserved. The results of this study show that the determination of yellow patina is critical to keep irreversible cleaning interventions away from surfaces especially for the monuments that yellow travertine is used as building materials.

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