Akademik Çıktılar

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Image classifcation by means of pattern recognition techniques
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1997) Güzel, Cumhur; Püskülcü, Halis
Image classification plays an important role in many computer vision tasks such as surface inspection, shape determination etc. Various 2-D image classification techniques are investigated, assessed and a computational method to classifY the 2-D X-ray images is developed and evaluated in this study. Various pattern recognition techniques are devised for the solution of the image classification. Those techniques may be divided into mainly two groups. First one, is mathematical and statistical model based, second one, is the artificial neural network based techniques. We have concentrated on artificial neural network techniques. In the experiments, both techniques were applied for the classification of the VUR (vesico ureteral reflux) images, in this study. However, according to the experiments performed on VUR case study, neural network technique was more successful than others, in terms of classifier. A hybrid method is proposed in this study, rather than pure artificial neural network solution. Representation of images is performed via transformation invariant mathematical structure called Fourier Descriptors and these structures are used as input to train the neural network for the classification part.The application is performed as follows: Feature extraction is performed first, then extracted features are used as pattern vectors for training the neural network. Representation of the shapes in X-ray images is performed by using Fourier Descriptors. Usage of Fourier descriptors as a method of representation of the shapes, provides the transformation invariant' (translation, rotation, scaling invariant structure) representation of X-ray images. These new vector representation is fed to the neural network. Backpropagation is used as a training algorithm. After training is finished, system is readyfor questioning. The minimum-mean-distance and nearest neighbor rules are also applied for the pattern vectors generated for the experiments. But the multilayer perceptron trained by backpropagation outperforms both of these statistical classifiers.
Reconstruction of X-ray images
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1997) Aka, Hüseyin Cüneyt; Aytaç, İsmail Sıtkı
We have presented an integrated approach in retrieving, reconstructing, and storing images obtained from noisy X-rays in this study. The X-ray images are used to detect human body's invisible parts. The problem of blurring and uneven illumination is always faced. Although it is partially solved by the physicians via lighting the X-rays, this method is not working properly in some cases such as Vesico Ureteral Reflux disease. This may cause loss of some meaningful part of the information and failure in diagnosis process. In order to decrease such errors, some computational methods has been developed by means of image processing. Due to its very nature, reconstruction, retrieving and registration of x-ray images has been chosen as a subject of this study. We have begun attacking the problem of reconstruction and extraction, then started to generate multi-layer hierarchical solutions. We have tried so many different approaches for each layer in our experiments. In each experiment, some methods produced accurate results, some methods did not. Thus, we have exerted every effort to optimize the solution for each layer. Although we have worked with limited number of sample images,(due to the problem of retrieving x-rays which is seen in this case) the results show us that, all the samples that we have processed, could have been reconstructed and stored as we have expected.Storing of the huge amount of data is an another problem in our area of interest, because of image characteristics. Every kidney image consists of nearly 120.000 (around 300x400) pixels. However, in our case, the boundaries of kidney region are sufficient for diagnosis. In other words, storing the boundaries instead of complete image has the same precision. We detected and stored the kidney's boundary coordinates on both x and y axis. Although this was sufficient for our study, we have decided to develop a much more flexible file format by ordering x and y coordinate couples in counter clockwise direction with the same information for further studies such as computer aided diagnosis systems.
Trajectory prediction of moving objects by means of neural networks
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1997) Barışık, Hakan; Aytaç, İsmail Sıtkı
Estimating the three-dimensional motion of an object from a sequence of object positions and orientation is of significant importance in variety of applications in control and robotics. For instance, autonomous navigation, manipulation, servo, tracking, planning and surveillance needs prediction of motion parameters. Although "motion estimation" is an old problem (the formulations date back to the beginning of the century), only recently scientists have provided with the tools from nonlinear system estimation theory to solve this problem eural Networks are the ones which have recently been used in many nonlinear dynamic system parameter estimation context. The approximating ability of the neural network is used to identifY the relation between system variables and parameters of a dynamic system. The position, velocity and acceleration of the object are estimated by several neural networks using the II most recent measurements of the object coordinates as input to the system Several neural network topologies with different configurations are introduced and utilized in the solution of the problem. Training schemes for each configuration are given in detail. Simulation results for prediction of motion having different characteristics via different architectures with alternative configurations are presented comparatively.
The concept of heterogeneity and hetereo-architecture in the context of plurality in the postmodern age
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Kutucu, Seçkin; Eyüce, Ahmet
In the scope of this thesis, modernist approaches In architecture, modernist language and style are questioned and alternative philosophical and scientific discourses are analyzed in the context of mainly, postmodern discourse.Heterogeneous architecture or In Charles Jencks's term HeteroArchitecture, is tried to be analyzed in the scope of postmodern pluralism. Key Words: Heterogeneous architecture, hetero-architecture heterogeneity, hybridity, heterotopia, multi-culturalism, pluralism and symbiosis in architecture.
Application of zeolites in biotechnology: Protein adsorption
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Özgü, Şebnem Karasu; Ülkü, Semra
Recovery of proteins from vanous culture broths is a complex engmeenng problem, involving multi-step schemes that lead to significant loss of the desired bioproduct by conventional methods. The bioproduct is not only present in very low concentrations, but also it is subject to chemical/enzymatic degradation. An alternative cost-effective method for recovery of proteins in a highly purified form may be through adsorption, which is a separation technique based on specific and reversible binding, with the use of zeolites that have favorable adsorption characteristics over the other adsorbents. Protein adsorption characteristics of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite from Turkey) and a synthetic (3A) zeolite were determined through various experiments, altering parameters as pH (range 3.5-6), the amount of zeolites used for adsorption (0.01-0.05 g/ml) and the initial protein concentration (0.01-0.1%). Within the concentration and pH ranges studied, the adsorption capacity of the zeolites was around 50 mg protein/g zeolite. For natural zeolite, approximately 98% was adsorbed within the first 2 minutes, while for the synthetic zeolite, 70% was adsorbed within the first 15 minutes. Uptake diagrams were obtained, adsorption isotherms were determined and Langmuir method was used to describe the isotherms. Desorption was also investigated after treating the zeolites with salt and acid, but further work is necessary for obtaining better recovery. It can be concluded that clinoptilolite is capable of adsorbing proteins in a short time. This study may be the preliminary step, followed by further laboratory work and necessary scale-up experiments, towards the use of zeolites in the recovery of proteins in industry as an alternative to conventional methods.
In the changing social structure problems of women and children who are in need of protection related with urban physicial structure and proposal for solution of this problem
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Girgin, Işın; Özdemir, Semahat
The main aim of this thesis is to find solutions to the problems of children who are in need of protection, especially to the problems involving their physical and social environment.In order these children to be integrated into the urban environment, their problems are needed to be solved by new planning regulations, new planning policies and the children's village being a new type of urban land use should be proposed in our city plans.In this context, also the location criteria, area requirements and design guidelines are developed and a prototype plan of a children's village; which is an alternative living environment, is proposed.
Walkable streets (Evaluation of streets in the context of urban theory, life and form)
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Süel, Akın
This study aims; to detennine evolving process of urban street and street design approaches through history, to examine general street design considerations and the pedestrian friendly street design policies, to introduce traffic calming measures as an effective new method in the revitalization of the urban streets; and to offer traffic calming techniques and policies as a new alternative in the restructuring of Turkish cities' streets. The case study focused on the application of the traffic calming measures in an intensively urbanized central area in izmir. Pragmatic approach indicated that the implementation of traffic calming techniques may work efficiently in Turkish cities if the wide range neighborhood traffic improvement programs can be applied. These programs may include following approaches in a wider sense: establishment of traffic safety education for children and adults, encouragement of city and neighborhood streets as community space rather than car space, implementation of new urban design methods for enhancing safety and livability, improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of traffic laws and legislate changes in funding and our traffic laws to provide safe and accessible conditions for non-car users. On the other hand, the promotion of traffic calming measures throughout the country can only be provided with the construction of the model projects and the preparation of the traffic calming design guidelines by the significant municipalities.No doubt that, the application of the area-wide traffic calming schemes will have the major role in the creating of walkable streets in our cities and towns.
Energy efficient urban design
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Peker, Zeynep; Serim, Muharrem Erkal
My personal interest to the term "sustainability" comes up with the close examination of the concept of energy efficiency and the clear threats to our environment let me to make an intensive study on the subject.The aims of this thesis are; to define the problems urban energy consumption causes; to indicate the necessity of reducing this energy consumption; to indicate the importance of planning and urban design to achieve energy efficiency and conservation; to describe energy efficient urban design; to identify energy efficient urban design process and its variables in a convergent manner; and to provide a detailed theoretical supply to serve for further study on this subject.The theoretical knowledge given in the thesis is based upon a wide, intense and ranged literature survey. On the other hand, the pragmatic approach which is built on the combination of the theoretical pieces with a close look at Izmir example is based on the description of the influences of climate, built environment and development and planning process on energy consumption and energy conservation status of Izmir. With respect to the climatic data and development pattern of Izmir, it can be said that any attempt to provide energy efficiency should contain reduction of energy consumption both in cooling and heating however the priority differs according to the properties of the site and microclimate. Central areas of the city, due to the existence of heat island, experience overheating, lacking- of ventilation .. In these areas cooling bas priority_ Therefore it is required to reduce the heat island effect and the energy used for cooling. On the other hand, new development areas, for instance north growth axis of Izmir, have lower air temperatures because of being not completely developed. Therefore, it is required reductions in energy use for heating. Also in order to prevent the formation of heat island and to provide thermal comfort, it is required cooling strategies In summer.Energy conservation and efficiency concepts are not common in our planning apd design practice. However, energy efficiency must be achieved through a complementary tJrban planning and design process. The concept should be adopted into master plans and regulations should promote energy conservation.
A study on technological expression in architecture
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Yılmaz, Ebru; Eyüce, Ahmet
Within the scope of this study, while questioning the relations between technology and architecture, their effects on human life has also been analyzed with all due aspects pertaining to the formation of the architectural end-product. Its role in the process of architectural design is parallel to this relationship.In this study, the idea which is aimed to achieve is that technology which was once a part of an artisanal production, has been taken up as a problem of modernization in the development of industrialization. The study which aims at demonstrating this alterations, tries to question the ways of seeking a tectonically sensitive dimension in architecture in the age of information including a series of comparative analysis.Within the scope of this study, while putting forward the spatial characteristics of high-tech architecture as a follower of a constructive tradition, building technology of the last decade in Turkey has been included in the discussion.The discussion has been enriched by conceptual definitions in order to determine the terminology of the subject. In addition to the retrospective overviews, architectural concepts of the eras have been presented.The findings of the study has been approved that the technical knowledge today is not limited as the knowledge of classical crafts technique, but it should be the rationalization of both the technical and the traditional. Most of the high-tech designs today use a kind of craft technique based on the machine production. In addition, the structural elements accomplished for the sake of visual impact ate not "technological", but "scenographic" and "representational" as a matter of tectonic expression.Keywords: philosophy of technology, modern age, tectonics, information age, hightech, architectural design approaches.
Modelling of Turkey Turkish words by discrete Markov processes
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Güventürk, Jale; Koltuksuz, Ahmet Hasan
This study based on the previous works of Assistant Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hasan KOLTUKSUZ, is about obtaining cryptanalytical measures of Turkey Turkish words based on Markov processes approach.
A research on structural design approaches within the scope of theory and application
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Korkmaz, Koray; Eyüce, Özen
The integration of creative, imaginative and economically feasible structures into the design process of _buildings has always been an essential issue in the history of architecture. The aim of this study is; to explore the relationship between the design of structural systems and the formation of architectural space, to display the changes in structure/space relationship in respect to scientific progress from the beginning of the age of positivism until today. This study is structured in two parts. At first, a morphological classification is made within a retrospective overview to explore the relationship of structure and space. Secondly, the age of positivism and the effects of positivism on architectural theories are explored to determine the changes in structure/space relationship. Today, the new developments in architectural space concept, such as "dynamic stability" affects the design of structures. Still, it is clear that the structure is an indispensable necessity during the process of shaping the space and architectural end product "building", whether the space is static or dynamic.
An investigation on airport planning and design process with sample study of Çeşme Stol Port
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Vural Erdoğan, Şeniz; Süel, Akın
This research covers the studies made for constructing airports, especially planning studies on this subject. For this aim search was made on published items, connection with related institutions was provided and investigations was made on Adnan Menderes Airport. The publishments made by International Institutions especially by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) on technical matters and master. planning, different books, periodicals and brochures have provided information on worldwide airport planning studies, planning criteria and standards. Development and present condition of civil aviation and planning studies in Turkey is another part of the study. In the privacy of Çeşme STOL Port, STOL system which has a widespread application today and will have weight in the long-term development evaluated from the planning point of view. As a result, it was observed that, there is lack and inefficiency in airport planning studies in Turkey and STOL Ports with their requirement programs and typical architectural projects have the same problems. For this reason, with the information achieved by research in hand, an alternative project in urban design scale have prepared for Ceşme STOL Port.
Polymers as design materials for toy industry
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Ünver, Kemal Hakan; Seçkin, Yavuz
In this thesis it is intended to investigate the superiority of plastics as a material for a specific product design. Plastics with their intrinsic capabilities, have too many improved characteristics to offer to individuals which makes any research very valuable.When making this research, the methods to be employed were not only limited with library researches but also contained bilateral relations with various producers of either the material or the toys. Under the light of these findings and experiences the formation of the most convenient material was selected for the product. The second point was to design a toy and/or a system for children which would help them get prepared for the coming years. It is found out that, for children toys are more meaningful when combined with their imagination. That is why it is intended to design for preschool children when their imagination is as pure as it can be.Finally it is concluded that with the debut of plastics materials in individuals lives, the characterization of forms, functions and ideas were highly and easily achieved.
Stages and methods of creativity in an ındustrial product development (with a case study in bicyle design)
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Rıza, Aslan; Özcan, Can
This thesis is aimed on researching the creativity process that is concealed in the designprocess itself. The following chapters will include certain creativity concepts that were filtered out of a variety of processes. There are certain aspects to take into consideration as not only of a creative process but the progressive way of following certainmethods of design. The first chapter includes some examples on the blocks that ceasethe creativity in the design process. Examples will be given to display the way of keepingthe continuity of the creative mind. These are methods that designers use in daily life but are not aware of its existence. Processes will be included in the second chapter that will focus on the way of designing and methods of the design process. These methodswere included in order to give the creativity process an engineering pull-down andcease it from artistic dispersal. It could be seen that examples given from a bicycle designwill be included in all chapters. This is to uphold, and back-up the third chapter. In this chapter the case study of a bicycle design is included. The processes stated in the previouschapters were used in the process of the bicycle design.
The revitalization and redevelopment of urban waterfronts
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1998) Aydınöz, Gülnur; Serim, Muharrem Erkal
To clarify the waterfront concept and to give a brief explanation of waterfront, to define the problems in urban waterfront development, to formulate the planning and design criteria for redevelopment process according to its characteristics, to impress the necessity of urban design in waterfront redevelopment projects, to form a general base for how a waterfront development project has to be done are the basis of the study. The aims listed above is achieved by the subject's consideration in two approaches including the theoretical and the pragmatic approaches. The sensitive and an intensive literature survey, including detailed examination of the experiences of the developed countries and the applications in Turkey, is done for the formation of the theoretical base and the pragmatic approach is reflected as in the form of a case study in izmir. The different approaches to the problems of the waterfronts ant the strategies and policies developed for the revitalization of these areas are determined with a detailed examination of the evolution, characteristics of the waterfronts and the applied projects. The regeneration projects give clues about how a waterfront should be redeveloped. This study proved that the determination of the characteristics of the city, functions and the users, potential and constraints within the project area and an efficient urban design study are the factors required for a successful regeneration of the waterfront areas. Consequently, a comprehensive planning and design approach, provision of public participation in predevelopment stage, good programming, management and efficient implementation decisions will make the abandoned waterfronts liveable, healthy, and enhanced places for the citizens and economically viable for the city itself.
Architectural reflections of the political thresholds during interwar years (1914-1945)
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Emir, Özgür Deniz; Eyüce, Özen
This thesis claims that political power and ideology have the ability to transform the building forms of architecture and that power uses architecture as the ideological symbols of the regime in the interactive relationship of 'Architecture and Politics'. The study examines this relationship in Russia, Germany, Italy and Turkey which are experiencing political thresholds during the' Interwar Years' (1914-1945). The architectural reflections of political thresholds have been discussed through architectural trends, styles, built environment and urbanism. Formal and conceptual analyses and readings have been performed in order to determine the architectural transformations and variations that are parallel to political developments, architectural trends before and after the political thresholds have been analyzed comparatively. The concepts that exist similarly both in political ideologies and architectural end-products have been studied with the aim of finding the interaction between 'Architecture and Politics'. These analyses have led to a conclusion that political interference, transforms architectural trends due to its ideologies; monumentality, grandeur, axiality, symmetry order and hierarchy as a result exist in the created architectural language due to this political interference.
Web based user accounting system for internet service providers
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Balcı, Murat; Aytaç, İsmail Sıtkı
There are some basic operations, that any Internet Service Provider (ISP) must do, such as adding, removing users, disabling and enabling users, changing user passwords etc. Beside these basic operations, all ISPs must design a accounting system to bill the users. Most of the currently available ISP packages run on Windows NT or UNIX systems and in client side a specific client program is developed, which runs only on specific operating system (OS) (say Windows NT). If ISP want to access these ISP operations from an another OS (say from UNIX (with hundreds of its derivatives), OS/2, MacOS etc.), client program must be ported to each of the OS. Although this is possible in theory, in practice it is very difficult and not cost effective.In this thesis to solve this problem, a Web based user accounting system IS proposed. In a Web based system anyone who has a regular Web browser can access the ISP data, manage and view them (ofcourse securely) no-matter where he is in the world which OS he uses. This approach makes ISP accounting easy and cost effective. Additionally making the system in Turkish, increases the useability of the system for the Turkish users.
An approch to the security problems in the TCP/IP protocol suite for a network security monitor design
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Mutaf, Pars; Koltuksuz, Ahmet Hasan
There are a number of security problems in the TCP/IP protocol suite. In this thesis these problems will be analyzed in detail. The problems in several existing prevention methods will be analyzed as well in order to show that security policies based merely on preventive measures are not completely secure and convenient. Therefore, "network security moniJoring" will be proposed as an alternative and supplementary approach against Internet attacks.
The concept of equilibrium and its effects of change from static to dynamic on architectural end-products
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) İnceköse, Ülkü; Eyüce, Özen
All of the objectslbuildings on the earth can stand due to their structural orders.Standing of a structural order without suffering any damage (broken down, collapsing ... ) is the result of their state of equilibrium. The most important factor effecting the state of equilibrium of any structural order is the force of gravity.Differantiation in the structural orders formed under this stable effect can be explained by the change in the concept of equilibrium. Therefore, analysing the change in architectural and engineering end-products could only be done by understanding the change in the concept of equilibrium.Scientific developments are the basic factors causing the changes in the concept of equilibrium. Reflections of these developments on concrete products is both in the types of load transfer of structural order and in visual expression of order.Consequently, in the scope of the thesis, depending on developments in the science reflections of the change in the concept of equilibrium on concrete products is tried to be explained by structural and geometrical analses. Expression of these analyses are made through the relationship between equilibrium and movement. It is concluded that the change in the structural orders basing on an acceptance of basic physics that "an object is either stable or movable "; is from structures having no motion to structures having any kind of motion (having tendency to move and/or moving). In other words, it can be said that, this change is from immobile structures having whole connection with the ground, to structures trying to remove from the ground.At the end, in today, it is possible to discuss about solutions having different equilibrium orders that is seen/will be seen basing on scientific developments.Generally it is possible to classify these solutions as solutions that can be expressed by different geometrical orders or solutions towards to be independent from the force of gravity.in the light of these determinations the aim of the thesis is to determine changes in the concept of equilibrium and to analyse their effects on structural end-products and to give some clues about their future effects.Keywords: Structural equilibrium, structural balance, gravity, geometry, energy, structural order.
Use of public lands for mass housing projects in the privatization process-Izmir case
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Yörür, Neriman; Özdemir, Semahat
Physical structure of today' s cities and selections of social status in urban space have been existing with the effect of property phenomenon. Thus, examination of policies, institutional structures and implementations concerning the property ownership of urban land and transformation of these lands into urban lots has great importance. Existence of public lands forms and important potential for directing urban development and for providing insufficient urban facilities. In our country, comprehensive policies concerning the use and stock of public lands have not been developed, large urban facility areas have been randomly formed by using public lands without examining if they were suitable or not and these have been affecting urban macroform. Moreover, development amnesties have been enacted after the development of public lands and plans have been prepared, later. Property has been turned over to private property while using public lands for these purposes. In the city of izmir, municipality or treasury owned public lands on developed areas have started to be filled with sqautter houses; with mass housing settlements built by municipalities, cooperatives and Real Estate Bank. Basic examination of the study is; which policies were applied 10 property supply and using forms in the development of public lands as mass housing areas inside izmir Metropolitan Area and problems have occured during the implementation process of those policies. The goal of finding the answers of these questions is to make a contribution to the formation of more coherent policies in the use of public lands. In this study, it was goaled to examine mass housing areas built on public lands inside izmir Metropolitan Are4,- on the base of property supply and using Wrms. Therefore, firstly data concerning the generaL characteristics and land selections of these areas were presented. Evka-l, iz-Kent-l and izk.onut-l developments.were-selectd as study areas related to the transfer and using ownership processes and using and transfer ratios of the renting position of these dwellings by their first owners were given. Key Words: Public lands, Land and Housing Policies, Privatization, Mass Housing.

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